மதறாஸப்பட்டணத்துக்குப் பெருமை சேர்த்த முதல் விமானம் !!!

ஆசியாவின் முதல் விமானம் எங்கே பறந்தது தெரியுமா? நாட்டின் பல முதன்மைகளைப் பெற்ற நமது பழைய மெட்ராஸில்தான். உலகின் முதல் வெற்றிகரமான விமானத்தை ரைட் சகோதரர்கள் செலுத்தி, அடுத்த 7 ஆண்டுகளில் இந்த விமானம் சென்னையில் றெக்கை கட்டிப் பறந்திருக்கிறது.

 

தின்பண்டத் தயாரிப்புத் தொழிலில் வெற்றிகரமாக ஈடுபட்டிருந்தவர் இத்தாலியிலுள்ள மெசினா பகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த ஜாகோமோ டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ் (Giacomo D’Angelis). வியாபாரம் செய்யும் எண்ணத்துடன் 1880-ல் இந்தியாவுக்கு வந்து மேசன் ஃபிரான்சேஸ் நிறுவனத்தை அன்றைய மெட்ராஸ் மவுண்ட் ரோடில் (இன்றைய அண்ணா சிலை சந்திப்பு அருகே) தொடங்கினார். இந்தியாவில் உணவு விநியோகிக்கும் சேவை யைத் தொடங்கிய முதல் நிறுவனம் அதுதான். ஆம்ப்டில் பிரபு காலத் தில் மெட்ராஸ் ஆளுநரின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ உணவு விநியோகஸ்தராக ஏஞ்சலிஸின் நிறுவனம் இருந்திருக்கிறது. இதில் நல்ல அனுபவம் பெற்ற டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ், 1906-ல் ஓட்டல் டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ் என தன் பெயரிலேயே ஒரு உணவகத்தைத் தொடங்கினார். இந்த ஓட்டல் இந்தியாவில் நவீன தொழில்நுட்பத்தைப் புகுத்தியதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது.

சென்னையிலேயே முதன்முறையாக இந்த ஓட்டலில்தான் மின் தூக்கி, மின்விசிறிகள், ஐஸ் தயாரிப்பு அமைப்பு, குளிர்பதனக் கிடங்கு, வெந்நீர்க் குழாய்கள் போன்றவை இருந்திருக்கின்றன.

டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ் நடத்திய அந்த ஓட்டல் இருந்த இடம் எதுவென்றால், இன்றைய சென்னை அண்ணா சாலை கெயிட்டி திரையரங்கம் அருகே உள்ள பாட்டா ஷோரூம் இருந்த இடம்தான்.

ஜாகோமோவுக்குப் பின்னால் சுவாரசியமான மற்றொரு கதை இருக்கிறது. ஓட்டல் ஆரம்பித்து கொஞ்ச காலத்திலேயே பிரான்சைச் சேர்ந்த பிலாரியோ, விமானம் மூலமாகவே ஆங்கிலேயக் கால்வாயைக் கடந்து ஆச்சரிய சாகசம் நிகழ்த்திய செய்தி ஜாகோமோவின் கண்களில் பட்டிருக்கிறது. நவீன தொழில்நுட்பம் மீது தீவிர ஆசை கொண்டிருந்த ஜாகோமோவுக்கு, தானும் பறக்க வேண்டும் என்று ஆசை றெக்கை வெளியே எட்டிப் பார்த்தது. தானே ஒரு விமானத்தை வடிவமைத்தார். அது ஒரு பைபிளேன். ரைட் சகோதரர்கள் ஓட்டியது போன்று, மேலும் கீழும் இரண்டு றெக்கைகள் பொருத்தப்பட்டதே பைபிளேன்.

பிறகு மெட்ராஸ் சிம்சன் நிறுவனத்தில், அதை உருவாக்கித் தர அவர் கேட்டுக்கொண்டதாக கூறப்படுகிறது. அந்த நிறுவனத்தில் இருந்த அன்றைய பிரபல பொறியாளர் ஜான் கிரீன் அதை வடிவமைத்திருக்கலாம். ஏனென்றால், விமானத்தை உருவாக்கியது சிம்சன் நிறுவனம் என்று பாரதியாரின் ‘இந்தியா’ இதழ் குறிப்பிடுகிறது. ‘‘இவ்விமானம் சென்னையில் டாஞ்சலிஸ் ஓட்டலின் பிரெஞ்சு முதலாளி டாஞ்சலிஸின் திட்டப்படி சிம்சன் கம்பெனி பட்டறையில் ‘தமிழ் வேலைக்காரர்களால்’ கட்டப்பெற்றது’’ என்று பாரதியார் எழுதியிருக்கிறார்.

சிறிய இன்ஜின் கொண்ட அந்த விமானத்தை பல்லாவரம் மலைப் பகுதியில் ஓட்டி முதலில் பரிசோதித்துப் பார்த்திருக்கிறார் டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ். அதில் நம்பிக்கை கிடைக்கவே, தீவுத் திடலில் பொது மக்களிடம் கட்டணம் வசூலித்து பறந்து காட்டியிருக்கிறார். அது நடந்த நாள் 10 மார்ச் 1910. இந்த விமானத்தில் ஒரே நாளில் பல முறை அவர் பறந்து காட்டியிருக்கிறார். அவருடைய அழைப்புக்கு ஏற்ப கூட்டத்தில் இருந்த ஒருவரும், விமானத்தில் உடன் பறந்துள்ளார்.

ஆசியாவிலேயே ஓடிய முதல் எரிசக்தி விமானம் அதுதான். இதன் மூலம் ஆசியாவிலும் இந்தியாவிலும் முதல் விமானத்தை ஓட்டியவர் என்ற பெருமையை டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ் பெறுகிறார். இந்தச் செய்தி ராயல் ஏரோ கிளப் இதழான ‘ஃபிளைட்’டில் உடனடியாக, அதாவது 1910 மார்ச் 26-ம் தேதியே பதிவாகியுள்ளது. லெவிட்டஸ் நிறுவனமே இந்தத் தகவலை வெளியிட்டது. இந்திய விமான வரலாற்றிலோ அலகாபாதில்தான் முதல் விமானம் பறந்ததாக பதிவாகியுள்ளது. ஆனால், அதற்கு 9 மாதங்களுக்கு முன்னதாகவே டி ஏஞ்சலிஸ் இந்த விமானத்தை ஓட்டியிருக்கிறார்.

‘‘இந்தியாவில் மட்டுமல்ல; ஆசியாவில் பறந்த முதல் விமானமும் ஏஞ்சலிஸ் ஓட்டிய விமானம்தான்’’ என்று விமான வரலாற்று ஆராய்ச்சியாளரும் ஓய்வுபெற்ற கேப்டனுமான கபில் பார்கவா குறிப்பிட்டிருக்கிறார். 1910 டிசம்பர் 10-ம் தேதி அலகாபாத்தில் முதல் விமானம் பறந்ததாகவும், அதே ஆண்டு டிசம்பர் 20-ம் தேதி கொல்கத்தாவில் இரண்டாவது விமானம் பறந்ததாகவும் பதிவுகள் உள்ளன. வழக்கம்போல இதிலும் முந்திக்கொண்டு உயரப் பறந்து, வானை அளந்து, சாதனை படைத்துவிட்டது நமது மெட்ராஸ்.

இந்தச் சாதனையில் இன்றைய அண்ணா சாலையும் ஒரு தனிப் பெருமையைப் பெறுகிறது. டி ஏஞ்சலிஸின் ஓட்டல் இருந்த இடம், சிம்சன் நிறுவனம், தீவுத்திடல் ஆகிய மூன்றும் அமைந்திருக்கும் இடம் மெட்ராஸின் அன்றைய மவுன்ட் ரோடு, சென்னையின் இன்றைய அண்ணா சாலை!

– ஆதி வள்ளியப்பன், தொடர்புக்கு: valliappan.k@thehindutamil.co.in

Keywords: சென்னை, சென்னை 375, சென்னை விமான நிலையம், மதறாஸப்பட்டணம், மதறாஸ்

Source::::The Hindu…Tamil

Natarajan

Image of the Day… Double Moon on 27 Aug 2014 ? …. A Hoax mail Under Circulation !!!

I thought we were going to make it through August 2014 without the double moon on August 27 hoax being revived. I was wrong. Google searches have made this post the most popular on our site for two days running. Yes … it’s happening again. An email must be circulating – somewhere, social media must be buzzing – with the suggestion that – on August 27, 2014 – Mars will appear as large as a full moon in Earth’s sky. Here’s a sample of what it typically says:

SEE MARS AS LARGE AS THE FULL MOON ON 27TH AUGUST 2014. Should be spectacular! Truly a once in a lifetime experience!

Hoax image via social media.

Will Mars and the moon will appear the same size on August 27, 2014? Nope.

 

I saw a version of this a few years back that included a powerpoint presentation, suggesting that Mars and Earth’s moon will appear as a “double moon” in late August. I’ve also seen the photo below, circulating on Facebook.

This image is circulating on Facebook, with the claim that Mars will appear as big and bright as a full moon on August 27, 2014.  It's a hoax.  Don't believe it.  Mars never appears as large as a full moon in Earth's sky.

It sounds amazing! Can it possibly be true?

No. It can’t. The email and photo are perpetuating a hoax that rears its crazy head every summer. The hoax has circulated every summer since 2003. Eleven years running! That’s a long time for a hoax to run, in our world of information.

Mars can never appear as large as a full moon as seen from Earth. The moon will not be full on August 27, 2014 (you might spot it briefly as a thin crescent in the west after sunset, though). And Mars will not be at its brightest or closest in August of 2014, or at any time in 2014. In 2014, Mars is closest to Earth on April 8, but it won’t be as close this year as in some years.

Want to see planets, meteor showers, eclipses? Visit our night sky page – updated daily!

As seen from Earth, in months when Mars does appear side by side with a full moon (and, again, that’s not happening in August of 2014), Mars’ diameter is about 1/140th the diameter of the full moon.

You would have had to line up 140 planet Mars – side by side – to equal the moon’s diameter.

Ah, Mars. World of dreams and visions. Mars is the world orbiting one step outward from Earth’s orbit. This world is slightly smaller than Earth – but slightly larger than Earth’s moon. Mars is also much much farther away than Earth’s moon. It’s hard to comprehend what little specks the planets and moons are in contrast to the vastness of space, but let me put it this way. Earth’s moon is about a light-second away. Traveling at 186,000 miles per second, light bouncing from the moon’s surface takes about a second to reach us here on Earth. Meanwhile, light from Mars takes much much longer to reach Earth – from several minutes to about 20 minutes – with the difference being the result of Earth’s and Mars’ motions around the sun. In other words, when Mars is on the same side of the sun as Earth, its distance from us is less than when it’s on the far side of the sun from us.

The moon is much closer than Mars, and that’s why we see the moon as a bright disk in our sky. Meanwhile – to the eye – Mars never appears as anything but a starlike point.

So how did this rumor of Mars-as-big-and-bright-as-the-moon get started? It started with an actual (though much more subtle) event in 2003. On August 27 of that year, Earth and Mars came very slightly closer than they’d been in nearly 60,000 years. Our two worlds, center-to-center, were less than 35 million miles apart – just over three light-minutes apart. The last people to come so close to Mars were Neanderthals. Astronomy writers like me had a field day that year, talking about Mars at its closest. Was it a spectacular sight? Yes! It looked like a dot of flame in the night sky.

Was Mars as big and bright as the moon, even at its closest in 2003? Never.

But the legend continues …

Bottom line: Mars will not appear as large as the full moon on August 27, 2014. Mars will notever appear as large as a full moon in Earth’s sky. The email – or social media – claims to the contrary are a hoax.

Source:::: Earth sky news

Natarajan

Image of the Day…First View of Earth From Moon …

August 23, 1966. This photo reveals the first view of Earth from the moon, taken by Lunar Orbiter 1 on August 23, 1966. It’s shot from a distance of about 236,000 miles (380,000 kilometers) and shows half of Earth, from Istanbul to Cape Town and areas east, shrouded in night.

Photograph courtesy NASA/Lunar Orbiter 1 This photo reveals the first view of Earth from the moon, taken by Lunar Orbiter 1 on August 23, 1966. Shot from a distance of about 236,000 miles (380,000 kilometers), this image shows half of Earth, from Istanbul to Cape Town and areas east, shrouded in night.

First view of Earth from the moon, courtesy NASA/Lunar Orbiter 1.

Lunar Orbiter 1 was one of five Lunar Orbiters sent to the moon in the 1960s by NASA. This particular craft was primarily designed to take photographs, in order to serve as an Apollo landing site survey mission. Read more about NASA’s Lunar Orbiter missions, 1966-1967

Though the photo revealed no detail on Earth’s surface when it was taken in 1966, those on Earth who saw this photo must have been stunned by it.

In 2008, NASA released a newly restored version of the original 1966 image of Earth. Using refurbished machinery and modern digital technology, NASA produced the image at a much higher resolution than was possible when it was originally taken. You’ll see the restored image below. Read more about the restoration here.

First image of Earth from moon, taken via Lunar Orbiter I on August 23, 1966, restored in 2008 by NASA, using photographic techniques that were not available when the photo was originally acquired.  Read more about this photo from NASA.

First image of Earth from moon, taken via Lunar Orbiter 1 on August 23, 1966, restored in 2008 by NASA, using photographic techniques that were not available when that early spacecraft originally acquired this historic photo.Read more about this photo from NASA.

Source:::::Earth sky news

Natarajan

 

World”s Largest PAX Jet…. How it is Built …

 

It is the world’s largest passenger aircraft but it can be built from cockpit to wingtip in less than three months.

A  workforce of 800 people can assemble, install, test, paint, furnish and deliver an Emirates A380 in 65 to 80 days.

First the aircraft fuselage is produced in the Airbus Hamburg facility in Germany and then transported to the base in Toulouse for the first stage of final assembly.

The wing sections, produced in the UK are also shipped from Hamburg to Toulouse.

On the Emirates A380, passengers enjoy first-class finishing touches like showers.

On the Emirates A380, passengers enjoy first-class finishing touches like showers. Source: Supplied

Parts like the fuselage and wings are transferred through a transportation network that includes three specially-commissioned ships to carry the sections from production sites throughout Europe.

More than 10,000 bolts are used to connect the fuselage and more than 4000 for the wings.

The first part of the final assembly, produces an aircraft that is ready for its first ferry flight — minus the interior and paint.

Once assembly is complete and each of the five sections are tested by engineers, the aircraft returns to Hamburg for painting and cabin furnishing.

With a surface area the size of seven basketball courts, the A380’s paint job alone takes

With a surface area the size of seven basketball courts, the A380’s paint job alone takes about 10 days. Source:Supplied

It takes 30 people about 10 days to paint the A380 which has a surface area equivalent to seven basketball courts.

More than 500kg of paint is needed to give the aircraft its white colour.

The final stage of furnishing takes about 33 working days to complete.

This includes all seats, galleys, crew rest areas, the Emirates’ unique shower-spa and private suites in First Class, the on board lounge located at the back of Business Class and the in-flight entertainment system.

Emirates took delivery of 13 of the giant double-decker aircraft in the last year taking its fleet of A380s to 50.

The on-board lounge on an Emirates A380 flight. Picture: SDP Media

The on-board lounge on an Emirates A380 flight. Picture: SDP Media Source: Supplied

The airline has two A380 configurations which seat either 489 or 517 people, including 14 in First Class, 76 in Business and 399 or 427 in Economy.

Another 90 A380s are on order.

As well as the passengers and 30 crew, the aircraft generally carries 478 bottles of wine and 31 bottles of champagne.

About 515 main courses are served on a typical flight, 450 desserts and 650 bread rolls.

The A380 carries 2267 litres of water to facilitate the four-minute showers available to First Class passengers.

First-class dining on board the Emirates A380. Picture: Emirates

First-class dining on board the Emirates A380. Picture: Emirates Source: Supplied 

Source:::::news.com.au

Natarajan

Image of the Day…Curiosity Rover in Mars…

 

Curiosity rover is having wheel problems

Mission planners didn’t anticipate that Curiosity would be driving over an area on Mars that has sharp, pyramid-shaped rocks embedded in hard ground.

View larger. | Curiosity rover's left front wheel at Sol 713 - that is, 713 Martian days since the rover touched down on Mars in 2012.

Emily Lakdawala at the Planetary Society posted an in-depth report today (August 19, 2014) about the ongoing wheel problems of NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover, which has been exploring the surface of the Red Planet since its dramatic touchdown just two years ago this month. Lakdawala writes of:

… punctures, fissures, and ghastly tears. The holes in Curiosity’s wheels have become a major concern to the mission, affecting every day of mission operations and the choice of path to Mount Sharp. Yet mission managers say that, so far, the condition of the wheels has no effect on the rover’s ability to traverse Martian terrain.

The mission did expect some damage to the wheels – some dings and scratches over time – but mission managers did not realize the extent of the damage being done until a large puncture appeared on sol 411 (or 411 Martian days after touchdown). By sol 463, a large rip had opened. Testing back on Earth has revealed the cause of the damage, which appears twofold.

First, the wheels (which are made of a very thin metal) are subject to fatigue, the same mechanism that will cause a paperclip to break in two if you bend it over and over. On Mars, as Curiosity’s wheels drive over a very hard rock surface – one with no sand – as the rover makes its way to Mount Sharp, the central peak of the Gale crater on Mars, the thin skin of the wheels repeatedly bends and ultimately tears.

View larger. | A routine wheel survey on sol 631 found the right rear wheel perched atop a spike-shaped rock firmly embedded in the ground.

Second, mission managers did not anticipate the exact nature of the rocks in and around Curiosity’s landing site and route to (the ironically named?) Mount Sharp. This area has many pyramid-shaped rock – pointy on top – that are firmly embedded in the ground. Lakawalla writes:

It turns out that there are mechanical aspects of the mobility system that actively shove the wheels into pointy rocks. A wheel can resist the force of one-sixth of the rover’s weight pressing down on a pointy rock, but it can’t resist the rover’s weight plus the force imparted by five other wheels shoving the sixth wheel into a pointy rock. The forces are worse for the middle and front wheels than they are for the rear wheels …

Again, though, these forces were understood before Curiosity launched to Mars, and are not, on their own, enough to cause the large punctures. If the pointy rock can move, all that pushing force behind it will just shift the pointy rock to one side or another, or it can roll beneath the wheel, and the wheel will get over it without damage. The key to wheel punctures is immobile pointy rocks. If the pointy rock is stuck in place, partially buried, or if it is a pointy bit of intact bedrock, then there’s nowhere for it to go. At the landing anniversary event, rover driver Matt Heverly showed a video of a test where they had a sharpened metal spike embedded in the ground, and drove a wheel over it. The spike pierced the wheel like a can opener slices into a can. The entire audience sucked in its teeth.

No place we’ve ever been on Mars before has these kinds of embedded, pointy rocks.

Lakdawala emphasizes that Curiosity’s wheel problems will not end the mission, but they will slow the mission down, as mission managers look for the smoothest terrain possible for the rover. She says:

The biggest effect of the wheel damage problem is to slow the mission down. And that’s what will limit how much Curiosity accomplishes. By not traveling as fast, and by having to limit their path choices, the amount of exploration that they can do is necessarily less than if they could go gallivanting across the bedrock outcrops at will.

Curiosity’s wheel problems are also being taken very seriously by planners for the next rover, on the Mars 2020 mission.

Read Emily Lakdawalla’s complete coverage of Curiosity’s wheel problems

Bottom line: Mission managers didn’t anticipate that Curiosity would be driving over an area on Mars that has pyramid-shaped rocks embedded into hard ground, as it traverses Mars.

Source::::Earth sky news site

Natarajan

Lights…Camera…Shoot !!!

A baya weaver bird building its nest on the outskirts of Hyderabad. Photo: Nagara Gopal

A collection of images shot by The Hindu’s photographers to mark the

World Photography Day  19 Aug 2014

World Photography Day is observed on August 19 every year to mark the invention of Daguerreotype Process by Joseph Nicèphore Nièpce and Louis Daguerre on this day in 1839.

On this day in 1839, Joseph Nicèphore Nièpce and Louis Daguerre developed the Daguerreotype Process, the ability to capture an image using a camera obscura onto a light sensitive silver iodide plate.

 

 

A young folk artiste performs a balancing act on the streets of Chennai. Photo: M. Prabhu

 

A seller bakes corn cob on the sands of Marina Beach in Chennai. Photo: M. Srinath

 

Children pose with their photos taken by photography students, at Government Tribal Residential School in Kargudy, Nilgiris. Photo: M. Sathyamoorthy

 

An antique Xenar Schneider -Kreuznach 4×5 German field camera of the 1913 gets a dusting outside Hyderabad’s oldest Victory Photo in Secunderabad. Photo: P.V. Sivakumar

 

A woman shoots with her Canon DSLR camera. Women make up 29 per cent of Canon’s registered users in India. Photo: Bijoy Ghosh

SOURCE::::THE HINDU

Natarajan

Image of the Day…Double Rainbow !!!

Intense rainbow over Northern Ireland

Glenn Miles sat in his truck and waited out a rainstorm, then captured the most intense rainbow he’d ever seen.

Glenn Miles Photography kindly contributed this beautiful photo.  See more photos by Glenn Miles

Glenn Miles captured this double rainbow over the north coast of N.Ireland. He wrote:

I have just read your article on seeing red rainbows and thought I would share my images of a rainbow I captured on August 8, 2014 over the north coast of N.Ireland. I sat in my Land rover for around 20 mins waiting for the heavy rain to stop before venturing out onto the beach. I knew from my many years of experience of photographing the landscape that a rainbow was sure to grace the black skies after the rain had stopped. I was not disappointed as after only a few minutes of walking barefoot on the beach, the most intense rainbow that I had ever seen arced high over the sky.

After a few minutes, a double rainbow appeared as did the rain. I walked along the beach for over an hour capturing this amazing rainbow in between wiping the rain off the camera lens. The images were captured about an hour before sunset; hence, the wonderful deep colors.

Here’s another one from this beautiful series, where you can see the rainbow as double:

Glenn Miles Photography kindly contributed this beautiful photo.  See more photos by Glenn Miles

August 8, 2014 rainbow over Northern Ireland coastline, by Glenn Miles Photography. See more photos by Glenn Miles

Source::::Earth sky news

Natarajan