Image of the Day…” Where Red Mars looks Blue …” !!!

Where red Mars looks blue

Most images of Mars show colors homogenized by red dust and regolith. This infrared-red-blue color image shows Mars’ bedrock … and many colors.

 

Mars is the red planet, but it turns out that many images we see of it show Mars’ colors ashomogenized by the this world’s reddish dust and regolith. This new image from the HiRISE camera on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – taken on February 5, 2016 – shows fantastic colors on Mars.

HiRISE stands for High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, and the camera team explained:

Here the bedrock is very well exposed, except where there are sand dunes.

The rocks also have diverse compositions, which produce different colors in HiRISE infrared-red-blue color images.

View larger. | The Nili Fossae region on Mars – one of Mars’ most colorful places – located on the northwest rim of Isidis impact basin. Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona.

 

mars-blue-Nili-Fossae-region-2016-Mars-Reconnaissance-Orbiter-1-e1462717138291 Source…www.earthsky.org

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Image of the Day… Morning Sunglint Over the Pacific…!!!

Sunglint and clouds over the ocean photographed from low Earth orbit

This Earth observation composite image from the International Space Station captures morning sunglint and low clouds over the central Pacific Ocean. The image was put together at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, from a series of photographs taken by Expedition 47 Commander Jeff Williams on March 25, 2016.

Image Credit: NASA

source….www.nasa.gov

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Image of the Day…” Liftoff at NASA’s 16th Annual Student Launch Challenge…”

Liftoff of one of dozens of high-powered rockets during the 16th annual Student Launch challenge, April 16, near NASA Marshall

One of dozens of high-powered rockets lifts off on April 16, 2016, during NASA’s 16th annual Student Launch challenge, held near Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama from April 13-16.

Nearly 50 middle and high school, college and university teams from 22 states competed in the challenge, demonstrating advanced aerospace and engineering skills related to real-world activities and programs on NASA’s Journey to Mars. Teams spent the past eight months building and testing rockets designed to fly to an altitude of one mile, deploy an automated parachute system, and land safe enough for reuse, while other teams also designed scientific payloads for data collection during flight.

Preliminary winners for Student Launch were announced during an awards ceremony April 16, at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, and hosted by Orbital ATK. The overall winners of Student Launch will be announced in early May, as the final calculations are still under review for accuracy.

Image Credit: NASA/MSFC/Charles Beason

 Source……..www.nasa.gov
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Image of the Day…Mars Rover Opportunity up high ….!!!

Mars rover up high, spies a dust devil

After making the steep-ever climb of any rover on Mars, Opportunity looked back along its own tracks toward a swirling Martian dust devil in the valley below.

From its perch high on a ridge, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity recorded this image of a Martian dust devil twisting through the valley below. The view looks back at the rover's tracks leading up the north-facing slope of

View larger. | From high on a ridge, NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity recorded this image of a swirling Martian dust devil on March 31. Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

During its recent uphill drive to the top of Knudsen Ridge on Mars, the tilt of the Mars Opportunity rover reached 32 degrees, the steepest-ever for any rover on Mars. In this image – taken on March 31, 2016, the 4,332nd Martian day, or sol, of the rover’s work on Mars – you’re looking backwards along the rover’s tracks, with its camera aimed toward a dust devil twisting through the valley below.

In the image, the rover – which was launched from Earth in 2003 – has just climbed the north-facing slope of Knudsen Ridge on Mars. The ridge forms part of the southern edge of Marathon Valley.

Why is NASA’s image in black and white, by the way? It’s because it was taken with the Navcam on Opportunity, a camera that’s essential for enabling the rover to make its way across the surface of this alien world … but which doesn’t have a color camera.

Look below to see how artist Don Davis remedied the lack of color with some processing here on Earth:

Color-processed view of Opportunity's great dust devil shot, by artist Don Davis.  Read more about this image on Davis' Facebook page.

Color view of Opportunity’s great dust devil shot, by artist Don Davis. Read more on Davis’ Facebook page.

NASA commented:

Dust devils were a common sight for Opportunity’s twin rover, Spirit, in its outpost at Gusev Crater, but Opportunity has seen them only rarely.

Just as on Earth, a dust devil is created by a rising, rotating column of hot air. When the column whirls fast enough, it picks up tiny grains of dust from the ground, making the vortex visible.

Artist's concept of the rover Opportunity on Mars. This rover - and its twin rover Spirit - were launched from Earth in 2003. Image via NASA

Artist’s concept of the rover Opportunity on Mars. This rover – and its twin rover Spirit – were launched from Earth in 2003. Image via NASA

Bottom line: Mars Opportunity rover image of a dust devil, from a perch on Knudsen Ridge on Mars, part of the southern edge of Marathon Valley, acquired on March 31, 2016, the 4,332nd Martian day, or sol, of the rover’s work on Mars.

Source….www.earthsky.org

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Image of the Day…” Busy Traffic at International Space Station …” !!!

Docked Soyuz spacecraft in center of frame with Cygnus cargo craft at left and Progress craft at right with Earth below

Expedition 47 Flight Engineer Tim Peake of the European Space Agency took this photograph on April 6, 2016, as the International Space Station flew over Madagascar, showing three of the five spacecraft currently docked to the station. The station crew awaits the scheduled launch today, April 8, of the third resupply vehicle in three weeks: a SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft, which will be the sixth spacecraft docked following its arrival and installation to the Harmony module on Sunday, April 10. Dragon is carrying 6,900 pounds (3,130 kilograms) of science, crew supplies and hardware; the largest payload is theBigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM). The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility module a week after its arrival for a series of habitability tests over two years.

Orbital ATK’s Cygnus cargo craft, visible at the left of this image, was bolted into place on the Earth-facing port of the station’s Unity module on March 26, 2016. Although the SpaceX and Orbital ATK spacecraft have made 12 launches between them, this will be the first time that the two vehicles, contracted by NASA and developed by private industry to resupply the station, are connected to the space station at the same time.

Image Credit: ESA/NASA

Source…….www.nasa.gov
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This Experiment Using a Glass Cover and the Sun Can Generate Water Even in Drought Affected Areas!

In a semi-arid region of Satara district in Maharashtra, there is a plot of lush green land with about 20 fully-grown, beautiful trees – all of which were the part of a very efficient experiment. The seedlings for these trees were fed with water obtained from dry soil, with the help of solar energy.

“I did my PhD in America way back in the late 1970s. And most of my work was around solar distillation of water. I looked at everything that could possibly be done with solar energy at that time and found that if you dig a small hole in the desert, and cover it with plastic, solar energy heats the soil and you can collect a cup of water every day. This was something that remained at the back of my mind for years,” says Dr. Anil Rajvanshi, Director of Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) – a non-profit research and development institute based in Phaltan, Maharashtra.

In 1981, Dr. Rajvanshi returned to India with the aim of using his education to work for the development of rural India, and started establishing the energy and sustainable development work at NARI.

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Dr. Anil Rajvanshi

“I came to this very dry and partially semi-arid region. Sometime in the 1980s, the Government of India conducted a very large-scale tree plantation program. But of the many seeds that were planted, only a few resulted in fully-grown trees. Most of the seeds perished,” he remembers. So, going back to the knowledge he had gained while studying, Dr. Rajvanshi started an experiment to grow trees using water distilled with the help of solar energy, at NARI in 1988.

The basis of the experiment was that soil contains some moisture and roots of plants utilise this water with the help of osmosis – a process in which a solvent (water in this case), passes through a semi permeable membrane from a region of less solute concentration to a region of more concentration. Roots absorb water from the soil through osmosis. But in semi-arid and arid regions, the water is so tightly bound with the soil that seedlings cannot extract it because of less osmotic potential.

This is how the experiment was done:

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Five pits, each of dimensions 0.9m X 0.9m X 0.6m, were dug in a barren land in the NARI campus. These pits were covered with Soil Water Evaporation Stills (SWES) – tilted glass covers connected with water collection bottles placed beside the pits.

When sunlight fell on the pits, it heated up the soil and the water in the soil evaporated, only to be collected in the form of water droplets on the glass covers. These droplets slid into the bottles.

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Three experiments were conducted with these SWES. The water collected in the bottles everyday was given to the seedlings in the morning. In Experiment 1, the water was supplied in equal amounts to some seedlings. In Experiment 2, the water collected from SWES over a period of seven days was supplied to another set of seedlings once a week. And in Experiment 3, the seedlings were rain-fed. The growth of the trees was monitored for diameter, plant height and mortality every three months. And the results were extraordinary.

The survival rate of seedlings fed from SWES was 100% and if one SWES fed 4 plants, an average of 70-80 ml of water was given to each seedling. The growth rate of the trees in Experiment 1 was higher than in Experiment 3.

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According to Dr. Rajvanshi, the production of water from soil in arid regions is an age-old technology and has been used as a strategy for human survival in deserts. However, there is limited data on its daily use, seasonal variation, etc.

“We used to get water from the pits every day and that turned out to be sufficient for the plants. The soil would get heated and the moisture in the soil, which you could not get otherwise, we were able to extract and feed to the plants. The trees were able to grow even in the worst season. Today, we have 15-20 fully grown trees in a place that was once completely barren. They are huge now,” he says.

Dr. Rajvanshi has been working in the field of rural development for the last three decades.

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Born and brought up in Lucknow, he went to the US to pursue higher studies at the University of Florida after his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in mechanical engineering from IIT Kanpur. He taught at the University of Florida for over two years and then returned to India

Dr. Rajvanshi feels that with the worsening drought conditions in many regions of Maharashtra, this technique can be used in some form or the other to help people in the region. “If not to grow plants, it can be used to provide sufficient water for people to drink if we conduct a similar experiment at a large scale and think more in that direction,” he concludes.

Source…..Tanaya Singh in http://www.the betterindia.com

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Image of the Day…”Moonset Viewed From the International Space Station”

Earth's moon photographed from low Earth Orbit with blue at bottom of frame

Expedition 47 Flight Engineer Tim Peake of the European Space Agency took this striking photograph of the moon from his vantage point aboard the International Space Station on March 28, 2016.  Peake (@astro_timpeake) shared the image on March 30 and wrote to his social media followers, “I was looking for #Antarctica – hard to spot from our orbit. Settled for a moonset instead.”

Image Credit: ESA/NASA

Source….www.nasa.gov

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He is 24, blind, and CEO of a Rs 10-crore company…Meet Srikanth Bolla !

Srikanth Bolla, CEO of Bollant Industries, has set his sights on changing lives

Get rid of him. That was the first thing that neighbours told Srikanth Bolla’s parents when they came to see him soon after his birth in a remote village in the east coast of Andhra Pradesh 24 years ago. Bolla was born sightless.

That’s what, he says, scores of parents ordinarily did and still do – abandon babies born with disabilities. Instead, Bolla’s parents, who owned a small piece of land in the village and earned only about Rs 20,000 a year, chose to give him an education.

Today, Bolla is the CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, a company with a turnover of around Rs 10 crore that employs uneducated and physically challenged people to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions out of natural leaf and recycled paper.

Recently, Ratan Tata invested an undisclosed amount in the company. Other investors include Srini Raju of Peepul Capital, Satish Reddy of Dr Reddy’s Laboratories and Ravi Mantha, one of India’s more prolific angel investors.

Bolla started out by accompanying his father to the farm but found he could not be of much help. So his father decided to send him to school, which was some 5 km away from home. For two years, he says, nobody acknowledged his presence in school and he was made to sit on the last bench. Fellow students did not accept him during physical training periods.

For the first time in his life, he says, he felt he was the poorest child in the world because he was so lonely.

His father then moved him to a school for special children in Hyderabad, where he started topping his class and also played chess and cricket. Later, he worked with former president APJ Abdul Kalam on the Lead India project, a movement to empower the youth through value-based education.

However, despite scoring 90 per cent in Class X, he was not allowed to take up the science stream because, he claims, he was blind. “I was made blind by the perception of people,” he says. With the option of science refused to him, everybody thought he would settle for the commerce stream. Instead, Bolla sued the state government. “Moving away from the problem is not in my blood,” he says.

After six months of fighting it out, he was allowed to take up science with the rider that he was doing so “at his own risk”. By this time, half of the academic year was over and Bolla did not have books or any other study material.

A mentor at the college he joined converted all lessons into audio books. Bolla passed with 98 per cent. But another hurdle followed. He says he was not allowed to apply for competitive exams because he was blind.

So, he started applying to universities in the United States and got admission in four of them, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University. He opted for MIT and was its first international blind student.

In 2012, after graduating from MIT, he launched Bollant Industries. The company now has around 450 employees, 60 per cent of whom are differently-abled.

The company, with five plants in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka, has started work to set up a larger facility at Sri City in Andhra Pradesh with an investment of Rs 10-15 crore. It currently exports 10-15 per cent of its produce to the US, Australia and Germany.

Life, he says, has taught him many lessons. Compassion is one of them. “Compassion,” he says, “is not about giving a coin to a beggar at the traffic signal. It’s showing somebody the way to live and giving them the opportunity to thrive.”

The world looked at him and said you can do nothing, says Bolla. “But I look up at the world and say I can do anything.”

Photograph, kind courtesy: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Source…..www.rediff.com

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Breakthrough by Indian Scientists in the US Checks Effectiveness of Cancer Treatment Within Hours…

Thanks to the development of nano-technology, it will now be possible to measure how effective a round of cancer therapy is, within hours of the treatment. This project has been kick-started by a group of Indian scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard Medical School.

The development is a major breakthrough because it will be possible to prevent the side-effects of chemotherapy right from the start in case the treatment plan is not working for the patient, and will help prevent long agonizing months of waiting.

Picture for representation only. Source: Sadasiv Swain/Flickr

“We have developed a nano-technology, which first delivers an anticancer drug specifically to the tumour, and if the tumour starts dying or regressing, it then starts lighting up the tumour in real time,” Shiladitya Sengupta, a principal investigator at MIT’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), told PTI.

The breakthrough was published online in ‘The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.’ One of the authors of the paper is Ashish Kulkarni, who hails from a tiny village in the state of Maharashtra. Kulkarni pursued his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Cincinnati. “Our long-term goal is to find a way to monitor outcomes very early so that we don’t give a chemotherapy drug to patients who are not responding to it,” he said.

Most of the team members are Indian researchers except for one. This development will help keep track of the effectiveness of immunotherapy, which signals significant progress.

Shiladitya Sengupta

Source: www.dfhcc.harvard.edu

Current tracking methods, which are based on the measurements of the size or the metabolic state of the tumour, don’t always manage to detect the effectiveness of the treatment.

Source….Boshika Gupta in http://www.the betterindia.com

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Image of the Day…” 40000 feet over Greenland ” !!!

A clear day over one of the world’s two great ice sheets.

View larger. | The Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) field campaign team is flying NASA’s G-III aircraft at about 40,000 feet. On a clear day, this altitude also provides a stunning perspective of one of the world’s two great ice sheets (the other is Antarctica). The flight Saturday, March 26, over the northeast coastline was one of those clear days. Read more about this image.

A science mission called the Oceans Melting Greenland field campaign is flying NASA’s G-III aircraft at about 40,000 feet over Greenland. On a clear day, this altitude also provides a stunning perspective of one of the world’s two great ice sheets (the other is Antarctica). The flight Saturday, March 26, 2016, over the northeast coastline was one of those clear days. Read more about this image. Image via NASA.

Source…..www.earthsky.org

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