Most Extreme Runways in the World …

Long lines, terse agents, overpriced food and delays – in the world of travel, airports are notorious for being necessary obstacles standing between travellers and their final destinations. But according to users of the question-and-answer site Quora.com, at the world’s most unique airports, the take-offs and landings make it all worth the ride.

A death-defying descent
Nepal’s Tenzing-Hillary Airport is built for adventurers. Tucked high in the Himalayan town of Lukla, the airport’s 460m runway has a steep 12% incline, making it only accessible to helicopters and small, fixed-wing planes. To the north of the runway, there are mountains, and to the south is a steep, nearly 600m drop, leaving absolutely no room for error.

The terrifying airstrip serves as an entry point for mountain climbers who are keen to tackle the world’s tallest mountain. “This is where most Everest summiters land,” wrote Quora userAmy Robinson. “It is one of the most dangerous airports in the world.”

Perhaps it’s appropriate, then, that this airport was named after the region’s most famous adventurers: Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, the first people to reach Everest’s summit.

Tenzing-Hillary Airport, Lukla, Himalayas, Nepal (Credit: Credit: Prakash Mathema/Getty)

A harrowing Himalayan runway Credit: Prakash Mathema/Getty)

A runway under water
At high tide, the runway of Scotland’s Barra Airport is nowhere to be seen.

“The airport is unique, being the only one in the world where scheduled flights use a beach as the runway,” wrote Quora user Amit Kushwaha. As such, flight times are dictated by the tide.

Barra Airport, Traigh Mhor beach, Outer Hebrides, Scotland (Credit: Credit: Califer001/Barra Airport/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0)

A wet and wild take-off at Scotland’s Barra Airport. (Credit: Califer001/Barra Airport/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0)

Located in the shallow bay of Traigh Mhor beach on Barra Island in the Outer Hebrides, the airport’s runways are laid out in a triangular formation and are marked by wooden poles to help guide the Twin Otter propeller planes onto the sand.

A stretch for tropical take-offs
For pilots, landing at the Maldives’ Male International Airportis daunting. The lone asphalt runway – which lies just two metres above sea level – takes up the entire length of Hulhule Island in the North Male Atoll, so a minor miscalculation could send the plane careening off into the Indian Ocean.

Ibrahim Nasir International Airport, Male International Airport, Hulhule Island, Maldives (Credit: Credit: Thinkstock)

Landing on a tropical island in the Maldives. (Credit: Thinkstock)

“[It’s] one of the few airports in the world that begins and ends with water and takes up an entire island,” wrote Quora userPeter Baskerville.

Because Hulhule Island (one of 1,192 coral islands spread over roughly 90,000sqkm) is used mainly for the airport, visitors typically take speedboats to their final destinations once they land.

Hit the brakes
Landing at Juancho E Yrausquin Airport, on the Caribbean island of Saba, “is not for the faint of heart,” wrote Quora userDhairya Manek.

That’s because it is widely regarded as having the shortest commercially serviceable runway in the world – approximately 396m. (Typically, runways are between 1,800m and 2,400m.) That means only small aircraft, which can quickly decrease speed, can land here.

Juancho E Yrausquin Airport, Saba, Caribbean (Credit: Credit: Patrick Hawks/Juancho E Yrausquin Airport/Flickr/CC BY 2.0)

The world’s shortest runway. (Credit: Patrick Hawks/Juancho E Yrausquin Airport/Flickr/CC BY 2.0)

Its setting is as beautiful as it is dangerous. “The airport’s runway is located on a cliff that drops into the Caribbean Sea on three sides and is flanked by high hills on the other,” Manek wrote. “Jet airplanes are not allowed to land at the airport due to its incredibly short runway.”

Nerve-racking… yet stunningly beautiful’
At 2,767m above sea level, Colorado’s Telluride Regional Airport is North America’s highest commercial airport. “[It’s] nerve-racking to experience, yet stunningly beautiful,” wrote Quora user Erin Whitlock.

Telluride Regional Airport, Colorado, USA (Credit: Credit: Robert Alexander/Getty)

Telluride’s ‘nerve-racking’ runway. (Credit: Robert Alexander/Getty)

Telluride’s single runway – which sits on a plateau in the Rocky Mountains, next to a heart-stopping, 300m drop to the San Miguel River below – used to be notorious for a giant dip in its centre. But renovations in 2009 made the airstrip safer and made it possible for larger aircraft to land. Today, the airport’sMountain Flying Safety guide advises pilots of single- or light-twin-engine aircraft not to attempt night landings, not to attempt flight if high-altitude winds exceed 30 knots, and not to fly if visibility is less than 15 miles.

A heart-stopping approach
So petrifying was the landing at the now-closed Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong, passengers had a nickname for it: the Kai Tak Heart Attack.

Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong, Kai Tak Heart Attack (Credit: Credit: Frederic J Brown/Getty)

Hong Kong’s heart-stopping approach. (Credit: Frederic J Brown/Getty)

“The Kai Tak Airport no longer exists, but it was one of the wonders of the flying world when it was in operation [between 1925 and 1998],” wrote Quora user Jay Wacker. “It was on a little bit of reclaimed land in a harbour and there were high-rises on both sides. It was a relatively short runway for big planes, and it always felt harrowing when landing on a 747. When you looked out the window during take-off or landing, you felt like you could look into the living rooms of people.”

 Source……..www.bbc.com
Natarajan

Image of the Day…. Space Station Flies over Super Typhoon Maysak !!!

Typhoon Maysak strengthened into a super typhoon on March 31, reaching Category 5 hurricane status on the Saffir-Simpson Wind Scale. ESA Astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti captured this image while flying over the weather system on board the International Space Station.

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites, both co-managed by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, captured rainfall and cloud data that revealed heavy rainfall and high thunderstorms in the strengthening storm.

The TRMM satellite has been collecting valuable scientific data since November 1997. Early on March 30, the satellite collected rainfall data as it flew directly above Maysak at 04:14 UTC (12:14 a.m. EDT) when maximum sustained winds were near 85 knots (98 mph). Rainfall data was collected by TRMM’s Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) instruments and showed heaviest rainfall southwest of the center, and in fragmented bands of thunderstorms northeast of the center. In both of those places rainfall was in excess of 50 mm/2 inches per hour.

More information.

Image Credit: ESA/NASA/Samantha Cristoforetti 

Source:::::: http://www.nasa.gov

Natarajan

Image of the Day…Songbird Migrating 1500 Miles …Non Stop !!!

Photo credit: Greg Lasley

A little songbird known as the blackpoll warbler departs each fall from New England and eastern Canada to migrate nonstop in a direct line over the Atlantic Ocean toward South America. To track the birds’ migration route, scientists used miniaturized light-sensing geolocators attached to the birds like tiny backpacks.

 

According to the study, which appears in the March issue of Biology Letters, the birds complete a nonstop flight ranging from about 1,410 to 1,721 miles (2,270 to 2,770 km) in just two to three days, making landfall somewhere in Puerto Rico, Cuba and the islands known as the Greater Antilles, from there going on to northern Venezuela and Columbia. First author Bill DeLuca is an environmental conservation research fellow at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He said:

We’re really excited to report that this is one of the longest nonstop overwater flights ever recorded for a songbird, and finally confirms what has long been believed to be one of the most extraordinary migratory feats on the planet.

While other birds, such as albatrosses, sandpipers and gulls are known for trans-oceanic flights, most migratory songbirds that winter in South America take a less risky, continental route south through Mexico and Central America, the authors note. A water landing would be fatal to a warbler.

Blackpoll warbler fitted with a miniaturized light-sensing geolocator on its back that enabled researchers to track their exact migration routes from eastern Canada and New England south toward wintering grounds. Photo credit: Vermont Center for Ecostudies

Blackpoll warbler fitted with a miniaturized light-sensing geolocator on its back that enabled researchers to track their exact migration routes from eastern Canada and New England south toward wintering grounds. Photo credit: Vermont Center for Ecostudies

In the recent past, DeLuca explains, geolocators have been too large and heavy for use in studying songbird migration. The tiny blackpoll warbler, at around half an ounce (12 grams), was too small to carry even the smallest of traditional tracking instruments. Scientists had only ground observations and radar as tools.

But with recent advances have made geolocators lighter and smaller. For this work, the researchers harnessed miniaturized geolocators about the size of a dime and weighing only 0.5g to the birds’ lower backs like a tiny backpack. By retrieving these when the warblers returned to Canada and Vermont the following spring, then analyzing the data, DeLuca and colleagues could trace their migration routes.

So-called light-level geolocators use solar geolocation, a method used for centuries by mariners and explorers. It is based on the fact that day length varies with latitude while time of solar noon varies with longitude. So all the instrument needs to do is record the date and length of daylight, from which daily locations can then be inferred once the geolocator is recaptured.

Deuca said:

When we accessed the locators, we saw the blackpolls’ journey was indeed directly over the Atlantic. The distances travelled ranged from 2,270 to 2,770 kilometers.

Ryan Norris of the University of Guelph was the Canadian team leader. He said that to prepare for the flight, the birds build up their fat stores.

They eat as much as possible, in some cases doubling their body mass in fat so they can fly without needing food or water. For blackpolls, they don’t have the option of failing or coming up a bit short. It’s a fly-or-die journey that requires so much energy.

These birds come back every spring very close to the same place they used in the previous breeding season, so with any luck you can catch them again. Of course there is high mortality among migrating songbirds on such a long journey, we believe only about half return.

DeLuca added:

It was pretty thrilling to get the return birds back, because their migratory feat in itself is on the brink of impossibility. We worried that stacking one more tiny card against their success might result in them being unable to complete the migration. Many migratory songbirds, blackpolls included, are experiencing alarming population declines for a variety of reasons, if we can learn more about where these birds spend their time, particularly during the nonbreeding season, we can begin to examine and address what might be causing the declines.

As for why the blackpoll undertakes such a perilous journey while other species follow a longer but safer coastal route, the authors say that because migration is the most perilous part of a songbird’s year, it may make sense to get it over with as quickly as possible. However, this and other questions remain to be studied.

Bottom line: According to a study in the March issue of Biology Letters, the blackpoll warbler completes a nonstop migration over the Atlantic ocean, ranging from about 1,410 to 1,721 miles (2,270 to 2,770 km), in just two to three days.

Source:::: http://www.earthskynews.org

Natarajan

 

” Dear Pilots of the Plane …Who are Taking Me Home…”

WE’RE in the midst of one of aviation’s darkest times.

We have been left shocked and heartbroken time after time again over the past year with a series of unimaginable flight tragedies, the latest seeing 150 people killed on board Germanwings Flight 9525.

So it’s to be expected that we’re all looking for answers, hoping to prevent another tragedy from happening in our skies. And as more and more harrowing information comes to light of the terrifying final moments on board the doomed Germanwings jet, many flyers are on edge at the thought of taking to the skies.

So imagine this pilot’s surprise when a passenger decided to share some kindness in a rather unexpected way.

The pilot and airline cannot be named for security reasons.

The pilot and airline cannot be named for security reasons. Source: Supplied 

The pilot, who is unnamed for security reasons, was handed a note from the passenger during a flight from Spain to the south of England on Monday.

Instead of being a complaint or criticism, the glowing note voiced appreciation for the incredible job pilots do, ultimately seeking to inject kindness into a shocked world.

Pilot handed incredible note

The letter doing the rounds Source: Supplied 

The thrilled pilot shared the note with a colleague, Jai Dillon, who then posted it onto Twitter where it has already been shared thousands of times.

Dillon, a pilot based in the UK who has been flying commercially for the past three years, told news.com.au his co-worker wanted to share the letter that had touched his heart.

“They were incredible happy,” Dillon, 23, said. “I feel that the positive message is worth spreading.”

It’s a good reminder that thousands of pilots and crew get millions of people safely from point A to B every year. To you all, we say thank you.

Source::::: http://www.news.com.au

Natarajan

An Unexpected Passenger Tries to Board a Flight…. !!!

Airport workers were startled to find a green snake making its way up the stairs.

Airport workers were startled to find a green snake making its way up the stairs. Source: Twitter 

AN UNEXPECTED passenger tried to board this flight to Sydney this morning …..

Passengers boarding a Virgin plane at Gold Coast Airport were diverted to the rear of the plane when airline workers discovered a snake had scaled its way up the stairs to the front door.

Luckily they didn’t have a hiss-y fit over the surprise visitor.

It just so happened that Assistant Minister for Defence, Stuart Robert, was one of the passengers boarding the plane and he took to Twitter to announce the breach of security, not the first time a snake has tried to slip its way onto a flight.

“A snake had just slithered up the front steps, so we actually boarded, then, through the back steps,” he told ABC.

“But within five minutes they had come along and a couple of airport guys had brought a bag and a couple of snake catching rods and quickly gathered up the little sucker and put him in the bag, and I guess deposited him out where he belongs.”

View image on Twitter

“It was probably enjoying the nice warm steel as part of the front stairs and wasn’t quite aware what all the fuss was about really,” he said.

“Now it may have just climbed up there I guess when people were happily boarding the aircraft, but you have to admire how good the airline staff are in terms of rapidly diverting plans, sorting out the snake, replotting the aircraft in terms of when it is going to take off.

“But I dare say the poor little snake didn’t make it to Sydney.”

It’s not the first time a snake has tried to hitch a free ride, with a python boarding a

It’s not the first time a snake has tried to hitch a free ride, with a python boarding a Qantas flight from Cairns to PNG in 2013. Source: Supplied 

Source:::::: http://www.news.com.au

Natarajan

Image of the Day…Spacecraft Launch on March 27 2015…

One-year crew lift-off success

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko will spend a year aboard the International Space Station.

Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft launch on March 27, 2015

Media photograph the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft as it launches to the International Space Station with Expedition 43 NASA astronaut Scott Kelly, Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko and Gennady Padalka of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) onboard.

Liftoff was at 3:42 p.m. EDT Friday, March 27, 2015 (March 28 Kazakh time) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016.

The goal of the mission is to help scientists better understand how the human body reacts and adapts to the harsh environment of space.

Source:::: http://www.earthskynews.org

Natarajan

 

பெற்றோர் போற்றுதும்! …

நாம் ஒவ்வொருவரும் ஒரு கட்டத்தில் பெற்றோராகிறோம் என்றாலும், அந்த நேரத்தில் நம்மைப் பெற்றோரை நினைத்துப் பார்க்கும் போதுதான் அவர்கள் பட்ட கஷ்டம் நமக்குப் புரிகிறது. வாழ்க்கையில் வயது கூடக் கூட பாசமும் பயமும் பக்குவமும் அதிகரிக்கும் என்பது பொதுவான விதி. தன்னுடைய பிள்ளைகளின் எதிர்காலம் சிறப்பாக அமைய வேண்டும் என்பதற்காக தங்களுடைய நிகழ்காலத்தின் சுமைகளைத் தாங்கும் உறவுகள் தாய், தந்தையைத் தவிர வேறு உண்டா? வாழ்க்கையில் எத்தனையோ வளர்ச்சிகளைப் பிள்ளைகளுக்கு உரித்தாக்கி அவற்றைக் கண்ணாரக் கண்டு மகிழ்வோர் பெற்றோர் மட்டுமே.

அறிவியல் வளர்ச்சி மனிதனை ஆகாயம் வரை உயர்த்தி விட்டது. அந்த அபார வெளிச்சத்தில் உறவு, பந்தம், பாசம், நேசம் அன்பு எல்லாம் பொசுங்கிப் போய் விட்டன. மனித நேயம் கொஞ்சம் கொஞ்சமாக மரித்துப் போய் விட்டது. ஆனால், இன்றளவும் அதற்கு விதி விலக்காக இருப்பது பெற்றோர் – பிள்ளைகள் உறவு மட்டும்தானே. தாயும், தந்தையும் தன் பிள்ளைகள் மேல் வைத்திருக்கும் அன்பையும் பாசத்தையும் எந்த அறிவியலால் பிரிக்க முடியும்?

பிள்ளைகள் உதட்டில் புன்னகையைப் பார்த்தால் பரவசப்படுவதும், கண்களில் கலக்கத்தைக் கண்டால் ஓடி வந்து தாங்கிப் பிடிப்பதும் ஈன்றெடுத்த தாயும், பேணி வளர்த்த தந்தையும்தானே.

உணவு – உடை – பண்பாடு – கலாசாரம் எல்லாம் மாறிப் போனாலும், தலைமுறைகளைக் கடந்தும் மாறாதவை அன்னையின் அன்பும் தந்தையின் பாசமும்தான். அந்தத் தூய்மையான அன்பிலும் கலப்படமில்லாத பாசத்திலும் திளைத்த பிள்ளைகள், தங்கள் பெற்றோரைக் கொண்டாட வேண்டாமா? விழா எடுத்து மகிழ வேண்டாமா? பெற்றோரைக் கொண்டாடப் பிள்ளைகளுக்குக் காரணம் தேவையில்லை என்றாலும், சமூகம் சில காரணங்களைக் கண்டுபிடித்து வைத்திருக்கிறது. மணி விழா, முத்து விழா, வைர விழா, அறுபதாண்டு விழா, எண்பதாண்டு விழா என, ஏதாவது ஒரு பெயரில் விழா எடுக்கலாம். பெயர் முக்கியமல்ல; பெற்றோரைப் போற்றுவதே முக்கியம்.

அடுத்த பிறவியிலும் இவர்களுக்கே மகனாகவோ, மகளாகவோ பிறக்க வேண்டும் என்று மனமுருகி வேண்ட வேண்டும். பெற்றோரின் மறைவுக்குப் பிறகு அவர்களுக்கு நினைவு நாள் கடைப்பிடிப்பது இவற்றையெல்லாம் விட, பெற்றோர் வாழும் போதே அவர்களைப் போற்றிக் கொண்டாட வேண்டும். காரணம், பெற்றோரைப் போற்றிக் கொண்டாடுவோரே நிறைவான வாழ்க்கை வாழ்ந்தவராவர்.

நம்மில் எத்தனை பேர் நம்முடைய பிறந்த நாள், திருமண நாள் மற்றும் பண்டிகை நாள்களில் நமது பெற்றோரின் கால்களில் விழுந்து ஆசி பெற்றிருக்கிறோம்? கட்சித் தலைவர்கள், திரைப்பட நடிகர்களின் கால்களில் கூச்சப்படாமல் விழுபவர்கள் கூட, பெற்றோர் காலில் விழுவதற்குக் கூச்சப்படுகிறார்கள் அல்லது தயங்குகிறார்கள்.

ஒரு கையை நீட்டி எந்தப் பொருள்களும் கொடுக்கக் கூடாது. அந்தக் கையை மறு கையால் பிடித்துக் கொண்டே கொடுக்க வேண்டும். பெரியவர்கள் முன்பாக கால் மேல் கால் போட்டபடியோ, கால் ஆட்டியபடியோ உட்காரக் கூடாது.

பிறந்த நாள், பண்டிகைக் காலங்களில் பெற்றோர் காலில் விழுந்து ஆசி வாங்க வேண்டும். கோயிலுக்குப் போகும் போதும் பெரியவர்களைப் பார்க்கப் போகும்போதும் வெறுங்கையுடன் போகக் கூடாது. இவற்றையெல்லாம் பின்பற்றிப் பார்த்தால்தான் அருமை புரியும். தமிழர் பண்பாடே இப்படி என்றால் தமிழர்கள் பெற்றோரைப் பராமரிக்கும் விதம் எப்படி இருக்க வேண்டும்.

இது போன்ற நல்ல விஷயங்களையெல்லாம் எடுத்துச் சொல்லி நம்மை வாழ்க்கையில் வழி நடத்த அனுபவம் மிக்க நமது பெற்றோரால் மட்டுமே முடியும். அப்படிப்பட்ட பெற்றோரைப் போற்றி வாழ்ந்தால் நம் வாழ்க்கை இனிதாக அமையும் என்பதில் சிறிதும் ஐயமில்லை!

source::: மன்னை பாஸ்கர், சென்னை. in http://www.dinamani.com

Natarajan

Airports’ Three Letter Nick Names…!!!….Story Behind the Codes…!!!

When booking flights online, knowing your local airport’s code can come in handy.

There’s 3,000 miles’ difference between BUR (Burbank, California) and BTV (Burlington, Vermont). And you probably don’t want to end up in Venezuela just in time for Oktoberfest (Munich’s code is MUC, not MUN).

Those enigmatic three-letter signifiers that help you search for flights on Kayak or Priceline are doled out by the

International  Transport Association, and distinguish airports from one another. But the average traveler may not know where those letters come from.

Arizona-based designer Lynn Fisher, who travels a lot and loves trivia, became interested in the rationale behind those IATA codes a few years ago but couldn’t find one place online that explained them all. She and developer Nick Crohn decided to create a website that did just that.

The result, airportcod.es, pairs a “unique aspect of each airport, whether it be architecture, art, or a great view,” with its three-letter code and the origin story behind it. Some, like Fisher and Crohn’s local airport, PHX, are straightforward; others are more obscure or random.

Visit their website to browse codes from more than 200 airports around the world. Here’s a sample:

ARN
Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Stockholm

Stockholm’s airport is named ARlaNda, a made-up word combining Arland, another name for the nearby parish of Ärlinghundra, and landa, the Swedish verb meaning “to land.”

CDG
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris

Renamed and officially opened in 1974, France’s largest airport is named after Charles De Gaulle, former president and founder of the French Fifth Republic.

CGK
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Jakarta, Indonesia

Soekarno–Hatta International serves the capital city of Jakarta and honors Indonesia’s first president and first vice president. It receives its code from the CenGKareng district in the city of Tangerang, where it’s located.

CVG
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, Cincinnati

Serving the greater Cincinnati metro area, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky’s airport code comes from the nearby city of CoVinGton.

DXB
Dubai International Airport, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

When Dubai International opened in 1960, the airport code DUB was already in use by Dublin. DuBai subbed an X for the U, making its unique airport code of DXB.

EWR
Liberty International Airport, Newark, New Jersey

When airport codes switched from two letters to three, the Navy reserved all codes starting with N. NEWaRk, then, used the other letters in its name to make EWR.

IAD
Dulles International Airport, Washington, D.C.

Dulles International Airport’s three-letter code was once DIA. When handwritten, it was often misread as DCA, another Washington airport. It was reversed to IAD to avoid confusion.

LAX
Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles

Before the 1930s, airports had two-letter codes. When codes switched to three letters, many added the letter X to the end. LA (Los Angeles) became LAX. (See also:PDX.)

LHR
London Heathrow Airport, London

London HeathRow takes its name from Heathrow, a hamlet northwest of where the then-small airfield was started in 1929.

OGG
Kahului Airport, Kahului, Hawaii

Kahului Airport is named after its home city, but its airport code honors Hawaiian-born pilot Bertram J. HOGG.

ORD
O’Hare International Airport, Chicago

Before the airport was renamed after Medal of Honor recipient Edward O’Hare in 1949, it was known as ORcharD Field Airport.

SFO
San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco

When codes switched to three letters from two, many added the letter X to the end.San FranciscO instead used its last letter O.

SUX
Sioux Gateway Airport, Sioux City, Iowa

SioUX City petitioned twice to have its airport code, SUX, changed. With no great alternatives, it stuck with it and now uses the slogan “Fly SUX.”

UIO
Mariscal Sucre International Airport, Quito, Ecuador

Mariscal Sucre International is named after Antonio José de Sucre, who fought for the independence of Quito, in what is now Ecuador. Because the Federal Communications Commission reserved codes starting with Q, it opted for other letters from its home city of QUItO.

YYZ
Pearson International Airport, Toronto

Airport codes starting with Y designate Canadian airports. The YZ isn’t as clear but is said to be the old railway station code for Malton, an area west of Toronto where the airport is located.

For more airport codes and their origin stories, visit airportcod.es.

Source::::: http://www.businessinsider .com

Natarajan

 

Image of the Day…Soyuz Spacecraft Ready to be Launched on March 28…

The Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft is seen after having rolled out by train to the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, Wednesday, March 25, 2015. NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko and Gennady Padalka of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in the Soyuz at 3:42 p.m. EDT, Friday, March 27 (March 28, Kazakh time). As the one-year crew, Kelly and Kornienko will return to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-18M in March 2016.

Most expeditions to the space station last four to six months. By doubling the length of this mission, researchers hope to better understand how the human body reacts and adapts to long-duration spaceflight. This knowledge is critical as NASA looks toward human journeys deeper into the solar system, including to and from Mars, which could last 500 days or longer.

More: A Year in Space

Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls 

source:::: http://www.nasa.gov

Germanwings Flight Crash… Is A 320 Still a Safer Aircraft …?

IT IS technologically advanced and used by major airlines across the globe with one taking off on average every two seconds.

However, despite two major crashes involving an A320 in the space of just three months, the jet remains one of the world’s safest.

That’s the view of leading aviation expert Neil Hansford who told news.com.au that the plane was so technologically advanced it practically flew itself.

The chairman of Strategic Aviation Solutions, with more than 30 years experience in the industry, said if there was a major design fault in the plane the world would have known about it before now.

His comments comes in the wake of Germanwings Flight 4U9525, which crashed on a remote mountain range in the French alps overnight.

Germanwings Flight 4U9525 was travelling from Barcelona, Spain, to Dusseldorf, Germany, when at approximately 10.30am local time on Tuesday, the plane lost radio contact.

The flight was just 46 minutes in when trouble struck, plummeting 31,200 feet in 8 minutes.

It is the second major crash involving an A320 in just three months.

AirAsia Flight QZ8501 crashed into the Java Sea in stormy weather on December 28 during what was supposed to be a short trip from the Indonesian city of Surabaya to Singapore.

In 30 seconds, it rose from 32,000 feet to 37,400 feet, then dipped to 32,000 feet, before descending for around three minutes.

The plane’s stall alarms were going off for four minutes before the crash.

In both cases Mr Hansford said he didn’t believe it was a fault of the plane itself which caused them to crash and added investigators couldn’t rule anything out.

“An A320 takes off every two seconds around the world,” Mr Hansford said,.

“The A320 is a sophisticated aircraft which is not flown in the traditional way in that the computer flies the aircraft, the pilot operates the computer.”

Mr Hansford maintained despite the two crashes, the plane remained one of the world’s safest and it was just sheer coincidence and force of numbers that two crashes had taken place in as many months.

He still believed the A320 was the trump aircraft as evidenced by the sheer numbers of them flying popular flight routes including between Paris and London and Sydney to Melbourne.

Mr Hansford said the plane’s hi-tech systems meant if there was a fault in the plane, or if an engine had failed, the pilot would have had time to save it.

He also said the black box would reveal further details which would come to light sooner than in recent crashes including the Air Asia and Malaysian crashes last year.

“Unlike Malaysian and Indonesian authorities however, the French and German authorities and their carriers will be more transparent,” he said speaking of the retrieval of the black box and the release of information.

The A320 remains a popular aircraft among the world’s airlines with a good safety record.

The A320 remains a popular aircraft among the world’s airlines with a good safety record. Source: AP 

THE A320:

Regarded as a workhorse of modern aviation, similar to the Boeing 737, there are more than 3600 of them in operation worldwide, according to Airbus, which also makes nearly identical versions of the plane, the smaller A318 and A319 and the stretched A321. An additional 2500 of those jets are flying, according to AFP.

The A320 family has a good safety record, with just 0.14 fatal accidents per million takeoffs, according to a Boeing safety analysis.

This particular jet was delivered to Lufthansa — the parent company of Germanwings — in 1991 and had about 58,300 flight hours over 46,700 flights.

The airline is the budget offshoot of major carrier Lufthansa, and this is the first deadly incident in its 13-year history.

This A320 had also passed its last routine check on Monday and its captain had more than 10 years flying experience, Sky News reported.

Airbus is investigating whether a mechanical fault is to blame, however this particular Airbus A320 of Germanwings underwent full maintenance in 2013, according to the head of the company Thomas Winkelmann.

“But we cannot rule out a structural issue: a failure of a part of the structure caused by an absence of detailed maintenance or the wear of a particular element that will become apparent after tens of thousands of flight hours,” the former investigator said.

“In the history of aviation, it’s only when accidents occur that we are able to detect unforeseen weaknesses on parts of a plane where maintenance procedures were not thought necessary.”

LOW COST, LOW SAFETY?:

Xavier Tytelman, an air safety specialist told AFP while this particular plane was 24 years old, that didn’t necessarily mean it was less safe than newer planes.

While new aircraft are more efficient which gave airlines who use them a major cost advantage as fuel can account for a quarter to half of operating costs, it didn’t mean they couldn’t be used by budget carriers.

According to him, new planes can also mean lower maintenance costs. Each four or five years passenger jets require an extensive overhaul, which is both costly in itself and requires taking the plane out of service for weeks.

“Low-cost airlines don’t have any incentive to invest in such maintenance and just before planes arrive at that age they sell them,” Mr Tytelman told AFP.

However the Germanwings A320, was probably in its final years of commercial service and pulling old planes out of service wasn’t an issue of safety but rather economics.

“Low cost, that means less comfort, but not less safety,” Mr Tytelman said.

‘EASY TO BLAME A DEAD MAN’:

Another international aviation expert Arthur Wolk told 3AW Breakfast that the cause of the crash would be determined really quickly.

“If there was not foul play, and that will be determined pretty quickly, it looks like another example of the angle of attack sensors being iced over,” he told the program.

He speculated that “angle attack sensors” at the front of the aircraft may have “iced over”, causing the plane to “pretty much go straight down”, which was the same problem that contributed to the 2009 Air France crash.

“It’s easy to blame a dead man … but this is a problem even the best pilots can’t handle,” he told the radio program.

Two planes of German airline Germanwings are pictured at Cologne/Bonn airport yesterday.

Two planes of German airline Germanwings are pictured at Cologne/Bonn airport yesterday. Source: AFP 

SOURCE:::: http://www.news.com.au

Natarajan