Money Lessons We Learn From ” Dussehra” !!!

Dussehra is a festival that marks the defeat of the evil king Ravana by Lord Rama who stands as a symbol of all that is good in humanity according to mythology. In some parts of India it is also celebrated as Vijayadashami or the day when the Goddess Durga defeated the demon king Mahisasura.

In Hindu tradition, Dussehra calls for big celebrations and is regarded to be a time to take a fresh perspective of life and marks the beginning of new things.

As you spruce up for Dussehra puja this year, we have a suggestion for you! How about looking at your finances in a whole new way?

In fact Dussehra has some precious financial lessons that you can implement.

Cast away your bad debt

Hindu men prepare to burn an effigy of 10-headed demon king Ravana during Dussehra festival celebrations in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad October 13, 2013. Effigies of the 10-headed Demon King Ravana are burnt on Dussehra, the Hindu festival that commemorates the triumph of Lord Rama over Ravana, marking the victory of good over evil.

Photograph: Amit Dave/Reuters

Dussehra, as we mentioned earlier, is the time when good conquers evil, so if you have too much of credit card debt and are perilously close to reaching your credit limit, focus all your energies towards the repayment of this kind of debt.

This is a debt of the worst sort and can be the real enemy of your financial plan.

Not only is it a high cost debt, as you pay a steep rate of interest on it, it will also impact your credit score negatively over the longer term.

Lead a life of financial self discipline

Lord Rama advocated a life of ‘Dharma’ meaning one has to be upright and responsible in life. The same principles should be made applicable to your finances as well.

If you are an important earning member of your family, you must apply financial discipline in a manner that you take care of your family’s needs not just at present but provide for the future as well.

This means you need to save wisely.

Just like Lord Rama, did not deter in living a life of frugality when it was required of him, you too must learn to live on less than you earn so that you save enough for future needs, like education of your children, health and other emergencies and most importantly have a comfortable and stress free retirement yourself.

Protect your finances

Dussehra is a time when the Hindu faith is renewed in the divine promise, that whenever there is evil prevailing on Earth, a saviour will be born to protect humanity. You too should take a cue from this message and learn to protect your finances.

By protection, we mean, you should have enough life, health and asset insurance.

Mostly, people get so caught up with growing their portfolio that they keep insurance at a minimum. On the contrary, it should be the other way around.

You should first assess the insurance needs of your family and then invest the surplus in other instruments to maximise your gains.

It’s a time for new beginnings

Dussehra also signifies doing away with the old and getting a new lease of life. Apply this principle to your finances as well.

If you do not have a proper financial plan chalked out according to the short term and long term financial goals you have in life, there isn’t a better time to begin!

Dussehra is a time of joy and hope, so make this Dussehra an occasion of immense joy as you vow to approach your finances from a new and fresh perspective.

The author is a credit expert with 10 years of experience in personal finance and consumer banking industry and another 7 years in credit bureau sector. Rajiv was instrumental in setting up India’s first credit bureau, Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL). He has also worked with Citibank, Canara Bank, HDFC Bank, IDBI Bank and Experian in various capacities.

The author is Director & Co-founder, Creditvidya.com  

SOURCE:::: Rediff.com

Natarajan

This 24 years old is Empowering Rural Bihar …. How ?

An internship experience in West Champaran inspired University  Of Pennsylvania graduate   Zubin Sharma to take up the cause of educating the less privileged. 

 

He realised that the kids in India’s villages have the potential to change the world. 

In the last four years, Sharma’s team of volunteers and teachers have impacted thousands of lives and changed their futures. Find out how!

The future of India lies in its villages.”

This famous quote by Mahatma Gandhi is being threatened today with India looking towards a shining future in its cities and skyscrapers.

However Zubin Sharma , a 24 year-old graduate of University of Pennsylvania, took Gandhi’s words to heart.

Zubin Sharma '09

After starting an organisation called SEEKHO India in 2013 to introduce a culture of education in Bihar, Zubin realised that bringing together the existing strengths of a community could help increase its collective well-being.

That’s how Project Potential was born, with a vision to help people and communities everywhere reach their potential.

Here, Zubin talks about his inspiration behind the initiative and how it is changing and empowering the lives of people in rural India.

From U Penn. to Bihar, how and when did the idea of empowering Indian villages begin?

I landed in rural Kishanganj District in Bihar during a gap semester from U Penn that I took to test a hypothesis I had – that people everywhere have potential and that this potential can be used to create change.

I was working with an NGO there, and while the NGO was doing a good job, they weren’t able to reach a lot of small hamlets, so I wanted to see what else could be done.

SEEKHO was formed out of a village meeting in one of these small hamlets, in which the community was asked, “What are our shared goals for the future?”

Everyone said, ‘education,’ so we worked to provide education.

We’ve provided education to over 4,000 people since February 2013 through local people, who we trained as teachers.

What was your most surprising observation when you first came to Bihar?

The first time I came to Bihar was in 2010 on an internship with Husk Power Systems in West Champaran.

What surprised me was how much potential I saw; all anyone would ever say about Bihar was how backward it was, which made no sense to me, since I saw a lot of innovation and movement happening.

Correct me if I’m wrong, but you can’t be backward if you’re moving forward!

The second important point is how adaptable human beings are to their material environment.

With Husk Power Systems, I lived in a one room mud hut during my internship, and adjusted to the living conditions within 24 hours.

In Kishanganj, I had it a little better, sleeping on the floor with a building, so that was even easier.

Many people say, ‘OMG, I could never do that,’ to which I say, ‘yes you can! Just give it a try!’

Zubin with Project Potential volunteers Project Potential focusses on the existing resources and strengths of a community. Tell us more about how that notion evolved.

While we have accomplished a lot in the past few years with SEEKHO, we saw that a lot of other systemic challenges, like poverty, health, and communal strife often hold children back from getting educated.

Many of our local teachers were picking up on this fact and actually started providing services in other areas, like Ganesh, who trained the community in sanitation practices.

Seeing this, we felt like our teachers could do much more than just teach — they could change the underlying systemic issues that were blocking students from learning.

So we did a three-month pilot and saw amazing results — two villages getting electrified, a pre-school getting built, new associations built, new learning centres opened, etc, all using locally available individual, community, or institutional resources.

Most importantly, we saw the community coming together in a way that it hadn’t before.

These findings led me to found Project Potential.

A poster for empowerment of girl child released by Project PotentialHow does Project Potential work?

Take 19 year-old Razia for example, who is what we call a Village Visionary.

She mobilised women in the community to build an association.

The association then set their goals:

• Learn basic literacy

• Get their kids educated

For basic literacy, she trained A LOCAL GIRL to teach the women.

The main obstacle to get kids educated was flooding in the rainy season.

So she organized A MEETING with the block educational officer, who then set up a bridge school for them to get educated.

Finally, FOR EARNING MONEY she worked with local businessmen to get them jobs and then also helped them get job cards. So this is the kind of work we do.

As you can see, it’s all about using local, available resources to help the community achieve their self-defined goals.

We discuss it in three steps:

1. Building an army of Village Visionaries

2. Connecting the dots

3. Getting stuff done

We have six Village Visionaries in the field right now, and will have 24 more beginning in January.

The Project Potential ‘family’ have people from various backgrounds, countries and most certainly different strengths. Was it difficult finding people who would readily leave what they were doing to come and work in Bihar?

Project Potential is an international family of people, who are connected by a belief in the potential of people, a commitment to action, and an understanding that our RELATIONSHIPS matter over all else.

Take Jason House, for example, an ACQUAINTANCE from college and a Wharton graduate.

He read an article I wrote on some mindfulness work we had done in Nepal, and then told me he wanted to quit his job and work with us in India.

Now he’s adopted an Indian name — Sanjay bhai — and wears a gamsha and a lungi.

He fits in so well, and wherever we work, everyone in the community knows and loves him.

So, in short, it’s not tough — there are lots of people for whom Project Potential was their calling and exactly what they were looking for — a community and family built on super strong values and 110 per cent committed to its people.

Is there any parting message you’d like to give our readers?

Gandhi only had 24 hours a day. Same goes for you. No excuses. Start making moves!

Photos Courtesy: Seekho India and Project Potential’s Facebook Pages

 

SOURCE::::rediff.com

Natarajan

Some Home Remedies for Tackling Your Headache !!!

 

Those who suffer from frequent headaches no very well that they are incredibly hard to ignore. They ruin everything, from a good time out to reading a book, it’s hard to enjoy yourself doing anything when your head is throbbing so bad you feel nauseated.

headache

But before popping those pills over and over, we’d advise checking out some other reasons and solutions to the problem, such as making sure you are eating things that help your headache instead of making it worse!

1. Baked Potato

 

Baked potato can alleviate a headache, especially one caused by drinking alcohol. Since alcohol causes an increase in urine, it can cause dehydration and the loss of important electrolytes such as potassium. Eating foods rich in potassium can then ease hangover headaches. A potato with the peel is one of the best sources of this mineral, containing about 720 mg of potassium (to compare, a banana, also rich in potassium, contains about 460 mg).
2. Watermelon
As we said above, dehydration is one of the leading reasons for headaches, so before you take that pill, consider eating foods rich in water, such as the watermelon. There are many fruit and vegetables rich in water and some also contain important minerals such as magnesium, which is considered as an aid against headaches.
3. Coffee
Yes, coffee. The brown liquid we all drink to make it through the day has long since been considered a great folk medicine against headaches. Many headache pills contain caffeine. The secret, however, is moderation.  While alcohol makes the blood vessels in our body and head expand, coffee does the opposite, by shrinking them. This way, it can reduce the amount of pain we feel. However, if you drink too much caffeine, you will increase the amount of urine and we’re back to dehydration, which in turn will cause more headaches.
So, drink a cup of coffee, no more, or add a cup of water as well.
4. Whole Wheat Bread
People on a diet low in carbohydrates may suffer from frequent headaches, since this kind of diet decreases the body’s store of glycogen, which are a main source of energy for the brain. This way, the body loses liquid and gets dehydrated, and then – headaches.
Consider adding some comple carbs to your diet, like those in whole wheat, fruit or yogurt. It may also improve your mood, since it makes the body release serotonin.
5. Almonds
Research shows that the magnesium in almonds may protect the body from headaches by releasing the blood vessels. For those who suffer from migraines, a diet rich in magnesium may bring about great relief. To increase your intake of magnesium, try to consume almonds, bananas, avocado, whole rice etc.
6. Spicy Salsa
This may sound weird, but spicy foods like spicy salsa or hot peppers can help you get rid of that headache that much faster. The question is – what caused the pain. These foods are great at solving pain related to your sinuses. The spicy foods will open the breathingways, which will alleviate the headache.
7. Yogurt
When your head feels like it is aching in a fast throb, it may be your body trying to tell you that it needs calcium to function efficiently. Make sure you have calcium rich foods as part of your diet, like regular greek yogurt with no fat, which is an excellent source of calcium, without any extra fat and sugars with with helpful probiotics.
8. Sesame Seeds
The tiny sesame seeds contain a large amount of vitamin E, which may help stabalize estrogen levels in women and so prevent migrains. Along the fact that it helps with headaches, it may also help with blood circulation. They are also rich in magnesium.
9. Spinach
What works for popeye can work for you as well. Spinach has been proven to reduce blood pressure and deal with hangovers. So if your head is a-throbbing, consider a big salad, and instead of lettuce, use spinach.
Stay well!   
SOURCE::::BA-BA MAIL SITE
Natarajan

Message For the Day…” Live as Embodiment of Love and like Brothers and Sisters…”

All are God’s children. Hence all of you should live as embodiments of Love and like brothers and sisters, loving and serving. People keep a distance as long as they do not understand the power of love. Once they understand and experience love, they will become one. You will be able to realise this truth sooner or later. When a plant bears flowers, not all the flowers blossom at the same time. Some are in the process of blossoming, some are fully blossomed, yet others will be only in the bud stage. Only the fully bloomed flower spreads its fragrance. Similarly people will also be in different stages of evolution – some are like the bud; some are at a blossoming stage; and some others are like the fully bloomed flower, spreading their fragrance. Wait patiently till the stage of fragrance arrives.

Sathya Sai Baba

 

Self-discipline will get you anything you want

Brad Stanton's avatarIdeas for success

0000000000000000000049484Most people want to lose some weight, have happy relationships, achieve financial independence or get a 20% raise and be very good at their job. Some people even want to win an Olympic gold medal.

Most people who have accomplished great things in life such as becoming an outstanding athlete, musician, teacher, businessman or leader, started from the bottom without a lot of help. Many who became millionaires started out poor. Many sports stars started out awkward and slow. Many musicians started out without any apparent talent.

Kop Kopmeyer wrote four bestselling books which each contained 250 principles for success, for a total of 1000 success principles. When asked which was the most important he replied, “Self-discipline.”

Longfellow aparently felt the same way:

“Those heights by great men, won and kept,
Were not achieved by sudden flight.
But they, while their companions slept,
Were toiling upward in the night.”

A…

View original post 192 more words

அலுவலகத்தைப் பெருக்கி சுத்தம் செய்யும் ஐ.ஏ.எஸ். அதிகாரி !!!

ஐ.ஏ.எஸ். அதிகாரி அஜய் சங்கர் பாண்டே | படம்: சிறப்பு ஏற்பாடு.

ஐ.ஏ.எஸ். அதிகாரி அஜய் சங்கர் பாண்டே | படம்: சிறப்பு ஏற்பாடு.

சுத்தம், சுகாதாரம் இவை ஒரு முறை பிரச்சாரத்தோடு நிறுத்திக் கொள்ளப்பட வேண்டியது அல்ல. இந்த கொள்கையைக் கொண்ட ஐ.ஏ.எஸ். அதிகாரி அஜய் சங்கர் பாண்டே கடந்த 4 ஆண்டுகளாக அவரது அலுவலகத்தை அவரே பெருக்கி சுத்தம் செய்து வருகிறார்.

டாக்டர் அஜய் சங்கர் பாண்டேவின் அலுவலகத்தின் வெளியில் ஒரு பதாகை தொங்கவிடப்பட்டிருக்கிறது. அதில், ‘இந்த அறை என்னால் சுத்தப்படுத்தப் படுகிறது. இவ்விடத்தை அசுத்தம் செய்து என் பணிச்சுமையை அதிகரிக்காதீர்கள்’ என எழுதப்பட்டிருக்கிறது.

பிரதமர் நரேந்திர மோடி கடந்த வியாழக்கிழமை ‘தூய்மை இந்தியா’ திட்டத்தை துவக்கி வைத்தார். இத்திட்டம் நாடு முழுவதும் பரவலாக பேசப்பட்டு வரும் நிலையில், அஜய் சங்கர் பாண்டே போன்றவர்களின் அறிமுகம் நம் சுற்றுப்புறத்தை தூய்மையாக வைத்துக் கொள்வதில் நமது பங்கு என்ன என்பதை நன்கு உணர்த்துகிறது என்றே சொல்ல வேண்டும்.

உத்தரப் பிரதேசத்தின் மீரட் நகரில் கூடுதல் ஆணையராக இருக்கும் டாக்டர் அஜய் சங்கர் பாண்டே ஐ.ஏ.எஸ், ஒவ்வொரு நாளும் தனது அலுவலகத்திற்கு குறித்த நேரத்தைவிட சற்று முன்னதாகவே வந்துவிடுகிறார். தனது அறையை அவரே சுத்தம் செய்கிறார்.

இது குறித்து அவர் நம்மிடம் கூறுகையில்: சுத்தம் என்பது நமது தினசரி கடமை. இன்று அனைவரும் ஸ்வச் பாரத் (தூய்மை இந்தியா) திட்டத்தில் தங்களை இணைத்துக் கொள்கின்றனர். இந்த வேளையில், சுத்தம், சுகாதாரம் என்பன ஒரு பழக்கம், அதை தினசரி கடைபிடிக்க வேண்டும். நாம் வசிக்கும் பகுதியை சுத்தமாக வைத்துக் கொள்வது நமது கடமை. சுத்தம் செய்வது என்பது குறிப்பிட்ட சிலரின் வேலை என்ற பார்வை இந்தியர்கள் மத்தியில் மேலோங்கிக் காணப்படுகிறது. நம் குடும்பத்துக்குள்ளேயும்கூட வீட்டுப் பெண்கள் சுத்தம் செய்யும் பணியில் ஈடுபடும்போது நாம் அதற்கும் நமக்கும் எந்த சம்பந்தமுமே இல்லை என்பது போல் இருக்கின்றோம். இந்த எண்ணம் மாற வேண்டும்” என்றார்.

படிக்கும் காலத்தில் இருந்தே தான் இருக்கும் இடத்தை தானே சுத்தம் செய்யும் பழக்கத்தை பாண்டே கொண்டிருக்கிறார்.

சுத்தம் செய்ய தயக்கம் வேண்டாம்:

நமது பகுதியை சுத்தமாக வைத்துக் கொள்ள நாம் எப்போதும் தயங்கக் கூடாது என கூறிய பாண்டே தனது அனுபவத்தை எடுத்துரைத்தார். அவர் கூறியதாவது: “ஆக்ராவில், பணியாற்றிக் கொண்டிருந்த போது அப்பகுதியில் துப்புரவுத் தொழிலாளர்கள் வேலை நிறுத்தத்தில் ஈடுபட்டிருந்தனர். அப்பகுதி மக்கள் பலரும் என்னிடம் வந்து புகார் மனு அளித்தனர். ஆனால், துப்புரவுத் தொழிலாளர்கள் வைத்திருந்த கோரிக்கையோ உடனடியாக நிறைவேற்றக் கூடியதாக இல்லை. எனவே, அந்தப் பகுதியை சுத்தம் செய்ய நான் தயாராக இருப்பதாகக் கூறினேன். உடனே துடைப்பத்தை எடுத்துக் கொண்டு புறப்பட்டேன். எனக்கு ஆதரவாக பொதுமக்களும் இணைந்தனர். அந்தப் பகுதியே சுத்தமானது. எனது செய்கையைப் பார்த்து துப்புரவுத் தொழிலாளர்கள் போராட்டத்தைக் கைவிட்டு திரும்பினர்” என்றார்.

சுத்தம், சுகாதாரம் இவை ஒரு முறை பிரச்சாரத்தோடு நிறுத்திக் கொள்ளப்பட வேண்டியது அல்ல என்பது எப்போதுமே அவரது கொள்கையாக இருக்கிறது.

-தமிழில் பாரதி ஆனந்த்

Source:::: The Hindu…Tamil
Natarajan

Meet Mr. Jockin Arputham …Fighting For Dignity …

  • Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan
    Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan
  • Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan
    Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan

Sanitation and shelter are for everyone, says Jockin Arputham, the Mumbai-based activist who has been nominated for this year’s Nobel Peace Prize.

“Jockin, Slum Dweller.” That is how, Jockin Arputham, from Dharavi, Mumbai, nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize this year, introduces himself in any public forum. All his life Jockin has been fighting for dignity, for the ‘weakest of the poorest person’. Except that when he chanced into his line of work, in 1969, he had ‘no theory, philosophy, nor a political compulsion.’

Like the great majority that lives in Dharavi, Arputham is a migrant, who came to Mumbai looking for work. But the city appalled the young man. “It was a culture shock,” he says. He had come expecting a rich city. Instead, it had the worst slums.

He lived in one such slum, Janata Colony. In the first few difficult days, when he felt he had ‘fallen into the pit’, he contemplated taking his own life. So he climbed up a nearby hill, and stayed there for three days, but then he decided he wouldn’t die. Nor go back.

The next morning, he put his carpentry skills to good use, made some MONEY and, in a few days, began sub-contracting work at the nearby Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). He learnt to give orders in Hindi; and soon the 21-year-old settled down in his new life in Mumbai.

Arputham, now 68, knows what he wants. He wants shelter, sanitation and water for every slum-dweller in Mumbai, in India, in the world. He wants every pavement-dweller relocated. He wants to see change — redevelopment — happening with people’s participation.

It was mosquitoes that made him aware of his potential as a change-maker. Arputham was conducting a coaching class for slum kids when he found the kids unable to focus because they were being bitten. The problem was mounting piles of garbage. To show the municipality the magnitude of the problem, Jockin made the kids carry a newspaper parcel of rubbish and dump it outside the municipal office in Chembur. When the police came to arrest him, Arputham said he would repeat his act until the garbage was cleared. The municipality was shamed into doing its work, for the first time in 22 years in that settlement.

Having tasted the power of protest, he decided to do more. He cleaned the filthy community toilet, again with children’s help. “By that evening, it was a beautiful new toilet!” After that, he was summarily adopted by the people who sought him to sort out civic issues. He learnt English, became an activist, a ‘self-built leader’, led huge demonstrations against the proposed eviction of Janata Colony. In 1974, when he got married, he finally rented a small house.

Arputham still lives in a rented house. He has no property, no assets. His immediate family is small — he has two grandchildren, one from each of his daughters. But his extended family is very large — the urban poor from 33 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. They are all members of Slum/Shack Dwellers International (SDI), an organisation founded in 1999, to provide alternatives to eviction. SDI’s headquarters is in Cape Town, South Africa, and Arputham is its president.

But the path to fame was not smooth. In the 1970s, there were many attempts to arrest him. Each time, people, especially thousands of women from the slum, surrounded him and hid him.

When Emergency was declared in India in 1975, Arputham found that he would be put away; so he fled to the Philippines and stayed there until the new government was elected. But he carried on with his work. He set up the Bombay Slum Dwellers Federation in 1975. Slowly, the movement grew and became the National Slum Dwellers Federation (NSDF). “The organisation is a very huge one,” he says. “I work in around 70 cities in India.”

While Arputham never wavered in his ideals, his approach changed over the years. In the early 1980s, he swapped the ‘shirt of militancy’ for one of negotiation. He moved from Janata Colony — the slum made way for BARC — to Dharavi.

Dharavi ALONE has 89 slum pockets, he says, sitting in his office. The walls are painted in jewel colours. But the real jewels in the room are Jockin’s awards — the Ramon Magsaysay in 2000; Padma Shri in 2011; and an honorary Ph.D. from KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, in 2009.

As the founder, and now reluctant president of NSDF (he wishes to resign, but nobody will hear of it), he’s especially keen to include women in the organisation’s activities. “I’m running this organisation because of the strength of the women. In India itself, more than 10-12 lakh women are members. Men are good bullies; they tend to take the credit, even if women run the show.”

In the slums where NSDF functions, migrations from rural to urban India are touching new highs, and sleepy little towns are today being transformed into bustling shanty towns.

‘Achche din’ has to reach out to these people too, argues Arputham. “Show me one budget that is talking about the other citizen of the city. You look at the city corporation agenda, which I look at every week. Three per cent of the agenda is connected with the slum-dwellers whereas their population is 60 per cent. The rest of the city hogs the whole agenda.”

“I’m known world over as ‘Toilet Man’. In South Africa, where it’s a stigma to say toilet, I made them talk about it. In the United Nations, I built a demonstration toilet in the UN plaza.” And demonstrated to Kofi Annan how Indians squat! He has built more than 20,000 (toilet) seats in Mumbai ALONE.

It was from Dharavi that Arputham drew plans for inclusive growth. He insisted on new standards on redeveloped housing, an increased floor-space-index. Over the years, Arputham has built 30,000 houses in India, and 1,00,000 houses abroad. FUNDING for his work comes from many sources. Thanks to his work, he has met both Bill Clinton and Nelson Mandela.

THE WINNER of the Nobel Peace Prize 2014 will be announced on October 10.

Keywords: Jockin Arputham, Nobel Peace Prize, sanitation, shelter, Dharavi, slum dwellers, floor-space-index, National Slum Dwellers Federation

SOURCE:::::Aparna Karthikeyan in The Hindu.com

Natarajan

Image of the Day… This Date in Science…Launch Of SPUTNIK…

This date in science: Launch of Sputnik

Sputnik’s unassuming beep was a symbol not only of Russia’s remarkable accomplishment, but also of what many believed was Soviet superiority in space.

October 4, 1957. On this date, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. According to many space historians, the Space Age began on this date.

It was a polished metal sphere, made of aluminum alloy. It was 58 centimeters (23 inches) in diameter – about the size of a beach ball – and weighed just 184 pounds. Its four external radio antennae were meant to broadcast radio pulses. And broadcast they did. For 21 days in 1957, people around the globe heard Sputnik’s unassuming beep beep on the radio.

Photo credit: NASA

The pressurized sphere had five primary science objectives: test a process for placing an artificial “moon” into Earth orbit; provide information on the density of Earth’s atmosphere, calculated from Sputnik’s lifetime in orbit; test radio and optical methods of orbital tracking; determine the effects of radio wave propagation though Earth’s atmosphere; and check principles of pressurization that could be used on Earth-orbiting satellites. Clearly, the next step was to place living things in space.

Sputnik’s beeping was a symbol not only of Soviet Russia’s remarkable accomplishment, but also of what many immediately assumed was Russia’s superiority in space. The American public feared that the Soviets’ ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S.

This historic image shows a technician putting the finishing touches on Sputnik 1, humanity's first artificial satellite. The pressurized sphere made of aluminum alloy had five primary scientific objectives: Test the method of placing an artificial satellite into Earth orbit; provide information on the density of the atmosphere by calculating its lifetime in orbit; test radio and optical methods of orbital tracking; determine the effects of radio wave propagation though the atmosphere; and, check principles of pressurization used on the satellites.  Image Credit: NASA/Asif A. Siddiqi

Then the Soviets struck again. On November 3, 1957, they launched Sputnik II, this time carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika.

Sputnik I and Sputnik II sent shockwaves around the world. American political leadership scrambled to catch up. Ultimately, that extra push resulted in the United States sending the first astronauts to walk on the moon, on July 20, 1969.

Bottom line: On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into Earth orbit, and the Space Age began.

SOURCE::::: earth sky news

Natarajan

 

How The City KOROMO in Japan was Renamed as TOYOTA City !!!

Toyota
Japan

Toyota Predicts First-Ever Operating Loss For Fiscal Year 2009

Cities are more often named after mythological beings, local terrain features, or historical figures. Very rarely do cities get named after actual companies. One hilarious story involves Topeka, Kansas, which changed its name to “Google” during March 2010 in an effort to bring the company’s fiber-optic technology to the city. Google, of course, jokingly renamed itself “Topeka” for one day—April 1, naturally.

The story of the town of Koromo is neither a spur-of-the-moment decision nor an April Fools’ joke; rather, it shares a long history with the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. Koromo had been an agricultural village for centuries. During the late 1800s, Koromo had seen a boom in the silk manufacturing industry. When the MARKET for raw silk collapsed during the 1930s, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. bought 2 million square meters (21.5 million ft2) of undeveloped land in Koromo to build factories for their NEW BUSINESS venture—automobiles.

The plants in Koromo manufactured vehicles under the “Toyoda” brand and family name. However, some found that a change was necessary. The Toyoda family agreed to rename its company “Toyota”—which, when written in Katakana, would require eight brush strokes (the number eight was considered lucky). Similarly, “Toyota” just sounded a lot more modern than “Toyoda” (which meant “fertile rice paddies“). Business boomed for the company despite the devastation of World War II. As a result of their local and nationwide contributions, Koromo was renamed “Toyota City” on January 1, 1959. A year later, owing to its place in the industry, Toyota became a sister city to Detroit.

SOURCE:::: listverse.com

Natarajan