Jokes for the Day…

Computers are like air conditioners. They work fine until you start opening windows.

…………..

Tech Support: “I need you to right-click on the Open Desktop.”
Customer: “Ok.”
Tech Support: “Did you get a pop-up menu?”Customer: “No.”
Tech Support: “Ok. Right click again. Do you see a pop-up menu?”
Customer: “No.”
Tech Support: “Ok, sir. Can you tell me what you have done up until this point?”
Customer: “Sure, you told me to write ‘click’ and I wrote click’.

:::::::::::

Computer Problem Report Form

1. Describe your problem:
__________________________________________

2. Now, describe the problem accurately:
__________________________________________

3. Speculate wildly about the cause of the problem:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

4. Problem Severity:
A. Minor__
B. Minor__
C. Minor__
D. Trivial__

5. Nature of the problem:
A. Locked Up__
B. Frozen__
C. Hung__
D. Shot__

6. Is your computer plugged in?
Yes__ No__

7. Is it turned on?
Yes__ No__

8. Have you tried to fix it yourself?
Yes__ No__

9. Have you made it worse?
Yes__

10. Have you read the manual?
Yes__ No__

11. Are you sure you’ve read the manual?
Yes__ No__

12. Are you absolutely certain you’ve read the manual?
No__

13. Do you think you understood it?
Yes__ No__

14. If `Yes’ then why can’t you fix the problem yourself? __________________________________________

15. How tall are you? Are you above this line?
__________________________________________

16. What were you doing with your computer at the time the problem occurred?
__________________________________________

17. If “nothing” explain why you were logged in.
__________________________________________

18. Are you sure you aren’t imagining the problem?
Yes__ No__

19. How does this problem make you feel?
__________________________________________

20. Tell me about your childhood.
__________________________________________

21. Do you have any independent witnesses of the problem?
Yes__ No__

22. Can’t you do something else, instead of bothering me?
Yes__

Thank you for taking the time to fill out our Computer Problems Form. Please allow 1-week response time so that the problem will resolve its self or you will reboot your computer, most likely resolving the issue.

Source:::::Joke a day.com

Natarajan

Image of the Day…Comet 67p as Captured by Rosetta Spacecraft !!!

Rosetta’s comet is spouting jets

Wow! The Rosetta spacecraft is now seeing jets from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as the comet draws in closer to the sun.

View larger. |

As Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko gets closer to the sun, it’s becoming more active. The European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft – which has been flying in tandem with the comet since August 6 – captured the images to make the above montage on September 26, 2014, when Rosetta was 16 miles (26 kilometers) from the comet. The montage shows jets of dust and gas escaping from the neck of 67P/C-G.
.
Rosetta spent 10 years on a deep-space chase of this comet, which will reach its perihelion, closest point to the sun, in July 2015.

This November, the Rosetta spacecraft will send a probe down to land on the surface of this active comet!

Posted by   in earth sky news

Natarajan

Just For Laugh @ Weekend !!!

Hope

Wife: “What are you doing?”
Husband: “Nothing.”
Wife: “What do you mean nothing? You’ve been staring at our marriage certificate for over an hour!”
Husband: “Yea, I’m checking the expiry  date.”

Neighbors

“The new neighbors are so in love,” remarks Susan to her husband, “he hugs her, kisses her and strokes her hair. Why don’t you do that?”
“Because I don’t know her that well.”

Donations

Knock on the door.
“Hello sir, would you like to contribute something to the old folks home?”
“Yes, actually.” Beams the old man.
“Inge, put your jacket on and pack a suitcase!”

Shopping

An elderly couple is walking in the city, hand in hand, when they pass a jewelery store.
The wife turns to her husband with a smile:
“Love, would you buy me a chain?”
“Why?” Asks the husband, “Tired of being free?”

Qualities

A woman asks her husband:
“What do you like about me the most? My beautiful face or my sexy body?”
The husband gives her a long, appreciating look.
“Your sense of humor.”

 

Source::::: ba-ba mail site

Natarajan

Emami….Amazing Success Story….From Rs 20k to Rs 8000 Crores !!!

With the acquisition of Himani, Emami entered the mainstream personal care category in the late seventies, notes RS Agarwal.

The late 1960s were not the best of times to kick off one’s own business venture. Certainly not for two young boys, who did not hail from a business family and who were already engaged in cushy jobs in a large and respectable corporate group (Birla Group).

But then, if you love being the boss rather than being bossed around, if you have a desire to be in control, things will always be different.

And that’s exactly what happened with me and my childhood BEST FRIEND Radheshyam Goenka. So it was by choice that we left our jobs and stepped into business.

The entrepreneurial journey has never been smooth and certainly not in the initial days. We had the toughest ride in the initial years.

The greatest challenge was to get the right product line and control our losses. In 1974, we finally set up Kemco Chemicals, an ayurvedic medicine and cosmetics manufacturing unit with an initial capital of Rs 20,000.

Well, that was the beginning. The mid-70s were marked by the story of ‘the great Indian middle class’ with its growing propensity to consume and increasing purchasing power.

That was the time we rolled out Emami vanishing cream and Emami talcum powder.

We did not taste success initially.

But our failures gave us the most vital insight – if you are to capture the consumer’s mind space, there is no alternative but to stand out in the MARKET

And mind you, this particular MARKET was dominated by multinationals with deep pockets. I must also add here that the idea of standing out in the MARKET is easier said than done.

The task was even tougher because we were constrained by limited resources, a truly lean workforce.

We had to put on several hats simultaneously – strategists,MARKETERS door-to-door salesmen, payment collectors and what not. We realised (and rightly so) that the only way to survive and grow would be through innovation and introduction of new products.

For the first time in the history of Indian FMCG industry, we introduced products with imported French perfume and innovative packaging in plastic containers with imported Japanese labels that had golden motifs and printing. The strategy paid off and shortly both the products became immensely popular and by 1978, Emami vanishing cream became the market leader with 22 per cent market share and Emami talcum powder became the No.2 brand in its category in India.

We realised we were on the right track. People say the art of entrepreneurship lies in the capability of finding opportunities that others would not find, finding solutions that others can’t create and finding a silver lining and making some good out of chaos. And the same year (in 1978), we sensed a great opportunity in the century old, ailing Himani Ltd.

Himani, which had a strong brand equity in eastern India and a well laid out factory in Kolkata, was up for sale and we took a somewhat revolutionary step by acquiring that company, notwithstanding the fact that inorganic growth was not the order of the day for FMCG companies in those days.  The FINANCIAL risk was also significant.

 

But eventually the move proved to be a turning point for us. Subsequent to our acquisition of Himani, we saw enormous potential in the antiseptic cream MARKET, which was then monopolised by Boroline.

We were aggressive and came up with our first flagship brand Boroplus antiseptic cream from the stable of Himani in 1984.

Three years down the road, BoroPlus, the only antiseptic cream with ayurvedic ingredients, became the MARKET leader. The next decade (the 90s) was extremely eventful for Emami and we started off with the launch of our next flagship brand, another innovative product Navratna cool oil, again from the Himani stable.

It was also an industry first. The MARKET dominated by traditional hair oils, actually had a latent demand for a therapeutic oil that could also act as stress buster.

We came up with a second plant at Pondicherry to ramp up capacity. Navratna, the Rs 500 crore-plus brand today, is the MARKET leader in cool oil category in the country.

We were on a roll and in 1995, Kemco Chemicals, our first partnership firm was converted into a public limited company as Emami Ltd. In 1998, Emami Ltd was merged with Himani Ltd and its name was changed to Emami Ltd as per fresh certificate of incorporation dated September 1, 1998.

Our business strategy, over the years, has thrived on continuous ideation, innovation, spotting of the right opportunity and on-time execution.

When fairness creams were meant for women only and our peers and others never thought that men might also desire to look ‘fair’, we realised that a whopping 30 per cent of female fairness cream users were in fact men who were actually closet users.

Call it a MARKETING history or something else, in 2005, we launched Fair and Handsome, the first fairness cream for men.

Then came the acquisition of another century-old ayurvedic major, Zandu Pharmaceuticals, which has been yet another landmark and turning point in Emami’s history.

Before we finally bought over a controlling stake of 68.9 per cent in Zandu for Rs 713 crore in 2008, almost all key players in the Indian FMCG business had tried their luck and failed.

The Zandu takeover brought to our fold some of the popular and prominent brands like Zandu Balm, Zandu Chyawanprash, Zandu Kesri Jeevan, Zandu Pancharishta, Sudarshan and Nityam Churna.

The Zandu business grew rapidly, and we became debt-free within two years of the deal.

We also pioneered the concept of celebrity brand endorsement and in-film advertising to create a noise and make our products known in the market. MARKETING gurus will always recall matinee idol of yesteryears – Rajesh Khanna’s reel role as the managing director of Emami in the 1983 film Agar Tum Na Hote.

Over the years, our products have been endorsed by celebrated and acclaimed entertainment and sports personalities like Madhuri Dixit, Sri Devi, Sonakshi Sinha, Kareena Kapoor, Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly, Mary Kom and so on. We are possibly the only brand in the country to have both Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan as endorsers for the same brand, Navratna.

Today, we are a homegrown multi-national with presence in 63 countries. With a group turnover of Rs 8,000 crore (Rs 80 billion) and a MARKET cap of Rs 18,000 crore (Rs 180 billion) and supported by a strong workforce of 20,000, we now stand tall, not only among Indian business conglomerates, but both Radheshyam Goenka and myself feature amongst the top Forbes 50 billionaires of India.

But what is more satisfying, as the second generation promoter directors from our two families gear up to take this Group to the next level, is the fact over the last 40 years we did not have A SINGLE  day of labour unrest.

The show, or shall I say, the battle to excel goes on.

(RS Agarwal co-founder & Joint chairman, Emami Group)

RS Agarwal

Source:   AND  Rediff.com
Natarajan

Money Lessons We Learn From ” Dussehra” !!!

Dussehra is a festival that marks the defeat of the evil king Ravana by Lord Rama who stands as a symbol of all that is good in humanity according to mythology. In some parts of India it is also celebrated as Vijayadashami or the day when the Goddess Durga defeated the demon king Mahisasura.

In Hindu tradition, Dussehra calls for big celebrations and is regarded to be a time to take a fresh perspective of life and marks the beginning of new things.

As you spruce up for Dussehra puja this year, we have a suggestion for you! How about looking at your finances in a whole new way?

In fact Dussehra has some precious financial lessons that you can implement.

Cast away your bad debt

Hindu men prepare to burn an effigy of 10-headed demon king Ravana during Dussehra festival celebrations in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad October 13, 2013. Effigies of the 10-headed Demon King Ravana are burnt on Dussehra, the Hindu festival that commemorates the triumph of Lord Rama over Ravana, marking the victory of good over evil.

Photograph: Amit Dave/Reuters

Dussehra, as we mentioned earlier, is the time when good conquers evil, so if you have too much of credit card debt and are perilously close to reaching your credit limit, focus all your energies towards the repayment of this kind of debt.

This is a debt of the worst sort and can be the real enemy of your financial plan.

Not only is it a high cost debt, as you pay a steep rate of interest on it, it will also impact your credit score negatively over the longer term.

Lead a life of financial self discipline

Lord Rama advocated a life of ‘Dharma’ meaning one has to be upright and responsible in life. The same principles should be made applicable to your finances as well.

If you are an important earning member of your family, you must apply financial discipline in a manner that you take care of your family’s needs not just at present but provide for the future as well.

This means you need to save wisely.

Just like Lord Rama, did not deter in living a life of frugality when it was required of him, you too must learn to live on less than you earn so that you save enough for future needs, like education of your children, health and other emergencies and most importantly have a comfortable and stress free retirement yourself.

Protect your finances

Dussehra is a time when the Hindu faith is renewed in the divine promise, that whenever there is evil prevailing on Earth, a saviour will be born to protect humanity. You too should take a cue from this message and learn to protect your finances.

By protection, we mean, you should have enough life, health and asset insurance.

Mostly, people get so caught up with growing their portfolio that they keep insurance at a minimum. On the contrary, it should be the other way around.

You should first assess the insurance needs of your family and then invest the surplus in other instruments to maximise your gains.

It’s a time for new beginnings

Dussehra also signifies doing away with the old and getting a new lease of life. Apply this principle to your finances as well.

If you do not have a proper financial plan chalked out according to the short term and long term financial goals you have in life, there isn’t a better time to begin!

Dussehra is a time of joy and hope, so make this Dussehra an occasion of immense joy as you vow to approach your finances from a new and fresh perspective.

The author is a credit expert with 10 years of experience in personal finance and consumer banking industry and another 7 years in credit bureau sector. Rajiv was instrumental in setting up India’s first credit bureau, Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL). He has also worked with Citibank, Canara Bank, HDFC Bank, IDBI Bank and Experian in various capacities.

The author is Director & Co-founder, Creditvidya.com  

SOURCE:::: Rediff.com

Natarajan

This 24 years old is Empowering Rural Bihar …. How ?

An internship experience in West Champaran inspired University  Of Pennsylvania graduate   Zubin Sharma to take up the cause of educating the less privileged. 

 

He realised that the kids in India’s villages have the potential to change the world. 

In the last four years, Sharma’s team of volunteers and teachers have impacted thousands of lives and changed their futures. Find out how!

The future of India lies in its villages.”

This famous quote by Mahatma Gandhi is being threatened today with India looking towards a shining future in its cities and skyscrapers.

However Zubin Sharma , a 24 year-old graduate of University of Pennsylvania, took Gandhi’s words to heart.

Zubin Sharma '09

After starting an organisation called SEEKHO India in 2013 to introduce a culture of education in Bihar, Zubin realised that bringing together the existing strengths of a community could help increase its collective well-being.

That’s how Project Potential was born, with a vision to help people and communities everywhere reach their potential.

Here, Zubin talks about his inspiration behind the initiative and how it is changing and empowering the lives of people in rural India.

From U Penn. to Bihar, how and when did the idea of empowering Indian villages begin?

I landed in rural Kishanganj District in Bihar during a gap semester from U Penn that I took to test a hypothesis I had – that people everywhere have potential and that this potential can be used to create change.

I was working with an NGO there, and while the NGO was doing a good job, they weren’t able to reach a lot of small hamlets, so I wanted to see what else could be done.

SEEKHO was formed out of a village meeting in one of these small hamlets, in which the community was asked, “What are our shared goals for the future?”

Everyone said, ‘education,’ so we worked to provide education.

We’ve provided education to over 4,000 people since February 2013 through local people, who we trained as teachers.

What was your most surprising observation when you first came to Bihar?

The first time I came to Bihar was in 2010 on an internship with Husk Power Systems in West Champaran.

What surprised me was how much potential I saw; all anyone would ever say about Bihar was how backward it was, which made no sense to me, since I saw a lot of innovation and movement happening.

Correct me if I’m wrong, but you can’t be backward if you’re moving forward!

The second important point is how adaptable human beings are to their material environment.

With Husk Power Systems, I lived in a one room mud hut during my internship, and adjusted to the living conditions within 24 hours.

In Kishanganj, I had it a little better, sleeping on the floor with a building, so that was even easier.

Many people say, ‘OMG, I could never do that,’ to which I say, ‘yes you can! Just give it a try!’

Zubin with Project Potential volunteers Project Potential focusses on the existing resources and strengths of a community. Tell us more about how that notion evolved.

While we have accomplished a lot in the past few years with SEEKHO, we saw that a lot of other systemic challenges, like poverty, health, and communal strife often hold children back from getting educated.

Many of our local teachers were picking up on this fact and actually started providing services in other areas, like Ganesh, who trained the community in sanitation practices.

Seeing this, we felt like our teachers could do much more than just teach — they could change the underlying systemic issues that were blocking students from learning.

So we did a three-month pilot and saw amazing results — two villages getting electrified, a pre-school getting built, new associations built, new learning centres opened, etc, all using locally available individual, community, or institutional resources.

Most importantly, we saw the community coming together in a way that it hadn’t before.

These findings led me to found Project Potential.

A poster for empowerment of girl child released by Project PotentialHow does Project Potential work?

Take 19 year-old Razia for example, who is what we call a Village Visionary.

She mobilised women in the community to build an association.

The association then set their goals:

• Learn basic literacy

• Get their kids educated

For basic literacy, she trained A LOCAL GIRL to teach the women.

The main obstacle to get kids educated was flooding in the rainy season.

So she organized A MEETING with the block educational officer, who then set up a bridge school for them to get educated.

Finally, FOR EARNING MONEY she worked with local businessmen to get them jobs and then also helped them get job cards. So this is the kind of work we do.

As you can see, it’s all about using local, available resources to help the community achieve their self-defined goals.

We discuss it in three steps:

1. Building an army of Village Visionaries

2. Connecting the dots

3. Getting stuff done

We have six Village Visionaries in the field right now, and will have 24 more beginning in January.

The Project Potential ‘family’ have people from various backgrounds, countries and most certainly different strengths. Was it difficult finding people who would readily leave what they were doing to come and work in Bihar?

Project Potential is an international family of people, who are connected by a belief in the potential of people, a commitment to action, and an understanding that our RELATIONSHIPS matter over all else.

Take Jason House, for example, an ACQUAINTANCE from college and a Wharton graduate.

He read an article I wrote on some mindfulness work we had done in Nepal, and then told me he wanted to quit his job and work with us in India.

Now he’s adopted an Indian name — Sanjay bhai — and wears a gamsha and a lungi.

He fits in so well, and wherever we work, everyone in the community knows and loves him.

So, in short, it’s not tough — there are lots of people for whom Project Potential was their calling and exactly what they were looking for — a community and family built on super strong values and 110 per cent committed to its people.

Is there any parting message you’d like to give our readers?

Gandhi only had 24 hours a day. Same goes for you. No excuses. Start making moves!

Photos Courtesy: Seekho India and Project Potential’s Facebook Pages

 

SOURCE::::rediff.com

Natarajan

Message For the Day…” Live as Embodiment of Love and like Brothers and Sisters…”

All are God’s children. Hence all of you should live as embodiments of Love and like brothers and sisters, loving and serving. People keep a distance as long as they do not understand the power of love. Once they understand and experience love, they will become one. You will be able to realise this truth sooner or later. When a plant bears flowers, not all the flowers blossom at the same time. Some are in the process of blossoming, some are fully blossomed, yet others will be only in the bud stage. Only the fully bloomed flower spreads its fragrance. Similarly people will also be in different stages of evolution – some are like the bud; some are at a blossoming stage; and some others are like the fully bloomed flower, spreading their fragrance. Wait patiently till the stage of fragrance arrives.

Sathya Sai Baba

 

Meet Mr. Jockin Arputham …Fighting For Dignity …

  • Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan
    Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan
  • Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan
    Jockin Arputham. Photo: Aparna Karthikeyan

Sanitation and shelter are for everyone, says Jockin Arputham, the Mumbai-based activist who has been nominated for this year’s Nobel Peace Prize.

“Jockin, Slum Dweller.” That is how, Jockin Arputham, from Dharavi, Mumbai, nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize this year, introduces himself in any public forum. All his life Jockin has been fighting for dignity, for the ‘weakest of the poorest person’. Except that when he chanced into his line of work, in 1969, he had ‘no theory, philosophy, nor a political compulsion.’

Like the great majority that lives in Dharavi, Arputham is a migrant, who came to Mumbai looking for work. But the city appalled the young man. “It was a culture shock,” he says. He had come expecting a rich city. Instead, it had the worst slums.

He lived in one such slum, Janata Colony. In the first few difficult days, when he felt he had ‘fallen into the pit’, he contemplated taking his own life. So he climbed up a nearby hill, and stayed there for three days, but then he decided he wouldn’t die. Nor go back.

The next morning, he put his carpentry skills to good use, made some MONEY and, in a few days, began sub-contracting work at the nearby Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). He learnt to give orders in Hindi; and soon the 21-year-old settled down in his new life in Mumbai.

Arputham, now 68, knows what he wants. He wants shelter, sanitation and water for every slum-dweller in Mumbai, in India, in the world. He wants every pavement-dweller relocated. He wants to see change — redevelopment — happening with people’s participation.

It was mosquitoes that made him aware of his potential as a change-maker. Arputham was conducting a coaching class for slum kids when he found the kids unable to focus because they were being bitten. The problem was mounting piles of garbage. To show the municipality the magnitude of the problem, Jockin made the kids carry a newspaper parcel of rubbish and dump it outside the municipal office in Chembur. When the police came to arrest him, Arputham said he would repeat his act until the garbage was cleared. The municipality was shamed into doing its work, for the first time in 22 years in that settlement.

Having tasted the power of protest, he decided to do more. He cleaned the filthy community toilet, again with children’s help. “By that evening, it was a beautiful new toilet!” After that, he was summarily adopted by the people who sought him to sort out civic issues. He learnt English, became an activist, a ‘self-built leader’, led huge demonstrations against the proposed eviction of Janata Colony. In 1974, when he got married, he finally rented a small house.

Arputham still lives in a rented house. He has no property, no assets. His immediate family is small — he has two grandchildren, one from each of his daughters. But his extended family is very large — the urban poor from 33 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. They are all members of Slum/Shack Dwellers International (SDI), an organisation founded in 1999, to provide alternatives to eviction. SDI’s headquarters is in Cape Town, South Africa, and Arputham is its president.

But the path to fame was not smooth. In the 1970s, there were many attempts to arrest him. Each time, people, especially thousands of women from the slum, surrounded him and hid him.

When Emergency was declared in India in 1975, Arputham found that he would be put away; so he fled to the Philippines and stayed there until the new government was elected. But he carried on with his work. He set up the Bombay Slum Dwellers Federation in 1975. Slowly, the movement grew and became the National Slum Dwellers Federation (NSDF). “The organisation is a very huge one,” he says. “I work in around 70 cities in India.”

While Arputham never wavered in his ideals, his approach changed over the years. In the early 1980s, he swapped the ‘shirt of militancy’ for one of negotiation. He moved from Janata Colony — the slum made way for BARC — to Dharavi.

Dharavi ALONE has 89 slum pockets, he says, sitting in his office. The walls are painted in jewel colours. But the real jewels in the room are Jockin’s awards — the Ramon Magsaysay in 2000; Padma Shri in 2011; and an honorary Ph.D. from KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, in 2009.

As the founder, and now reluctant president of NSDF (he wishes to resign, but nobody will hear of it), he’s especially keen to include women in the organisation’s activities. “I’m running this organisation because of the strength of the women. In India itself, more than 10-12 lakh women are members. Men are good bullies; they tend to take the credit, even if women run the show.”

In the slums where NSDF functions, migrations from rural to urban India are touching new highs, and sleepy little towns are today being transformed into bustling shanty towns.

‘Achche din’ has to reach out to these people too, argues Arputham. “Show me one budget that is talking about the other citizen of the city. You look at the city corporation agenda, which I look at every week. Three per cent of the agenda is connected with the slum-dwellers whereas their population is 60 per cent. The rest of the city hogs the whole agenda.”

“I’m known world over as ‘Toilet Man’. In South Africa, where it’s a stigma to say toilet, I made them talk about it. In the United Nations, I built a demonstration toilet in the UN plaza.” And demonstrated to Kofi Annan how Indians squat! He has built more than 20,000 (toilet) seats in Mumbai ALONE.

It was from Dharavi that Arputham drew plans for inclusive growth. He insisted on new standards on redeveloped housing, an increased floor-space-index. Over the years, Arputham has built 30,000 houses in India, and 1,00,000 houses abroad. FUNDING for his work comes from many sources. Thanks to his work, he has met both Bill Clinton and Nelson Mandela.

THE WINNER of the Nobel Peace Prize 2014 will be announced on October 10.

Keywords: Jockin ArputhamNobel Peace PrizesanitationshelterDharavislum dwellersfloor-space-indexNational Slum Dwellers Federation

SOURCE:::::Aparna Karthikeyan in The Hindu.com

Natarajan

Image of the Day… This Date in Science…Launch Of SPUTNIK…

This date in science: Launch of Sputnik

Sputnik’s unassuming beep was a symbol not only of Russia’s remarkable accomplishment, but also of what many believed was Soviet superiority in space.

October 4, 1957. On this date, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. According to many space historians, the Space Age began on this date.

It was a polished metal sphere, made of aluminum alloy. It was 58 centimeters (23 inches) in diameter – about the size of a beach ball – and weighed just 184 pounds. Its four external radio antennae were meant to broadcast radio pulses. And broadcast they did. For 21 days in 1957, people around the globe heard Sputnik’s unassuming beep beep on the radio.

Photo credit: NASA

The pressurized sphere had five primary science objectives: test a process for placing an artificial “moon” into Earth orbit; provide information on the density of Earth’s atmosphere, calculated from Sputnik’s lifetime in orbit; test radio and optical methods of orbital tracking; determine the effects of radio wave propagation though Earth’s atmosphere; and check principles of pressurization that could be used on Earth-orbiting satellites. Clearly, the next step was to place living things in space.

Sputnik’s beeping was a symbol not only of Soviet Russia’s remarkable accomplishment, but also of what many immediately assumed was Russia’s superiority in space. The American public feared that the Soviets’ ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S.

This historic image shows a technician putting the finishing touches on Sputnik 1, humanity's first artificial satellite. The pressurized sphere made of aluminum alloy had five primary scientific objectives: Test the method of placing an artificial satellite into Earth orbit; provide information on the density of the atmosphere by calculating its lifetime in orbit; test radio and optical methods of orbital tracking; determine the effects of radio wave propagation though the atmosphere; and, check principles of pressurization used on the satellites.  Image Credit: NASA/Asif A. Siddiqi

Then the Soviets struck again. On November 3, 1957, they launched Sputnik II, this time carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika.

Sputnik I and Sputnik II sent shockwaves around the world. American political leadership scrambled to catch up. Ultimately, that extra push resulted in the United States sending the first astronauts to walk on the moon, on July 20, 1969.

Bottom line: On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into Earth orbit, and the Space Age began.

SOURCE::::: earth sky news

Natarajan