Message for the Day…” What is the Code of Conduct for Human Beings…” ?

Sathya Sai Baba

Everyone should so lead life that no pain is caused to any living thing. That is their supreme duty. Also, it is the prime duty of everyone who has had the chance of this human birth, to spare a part of their energies occasionally to prayer, repetition of the Lord’s name, meditation, etc. Everyone must equate living with truth, righteousness, peacefulness, and good works that are of service to others. One must be as afraid of doing acts that are harmful to others or deeds that are sinful as one is now afraid to touch fire or disturb a cobra. One must have as much attachment and steadfastness in carrying out good works, in making others happy, and in worshiping the Lord as one now has in accumulating gold and riches. This is the code of conduct (dharma) of all human beings.

 

Baby”s Joyous Moment and Smiling Reaction When She Tries on Glasses for the 1st Time …

Here’s looking at you, mum! Parents capture on film joyous moment baby with weak eyesight is given her first pair of glasses

  • Mother Jessica Sinclair, 26, from Cincinnati, posted heartwarming video 
  • Baby Piper, who has weak eyesight, tries on glasses for the first time
  • Her smiling reaction has clocked up 12,179,240 views on Facebook

A delighted mother has captured the moment that her baby daughter could see clearly for the first time after being given a pair of glasses.

The footage shows Piper Verdusco as her parents struggle to put on her new spectacles and then the obvious difference they make to the youngster’s vision.

Mother-of-two Jessica Sinclair, 26, from Cincinnati, Ohio, posted the video of her daughter, who has weak eyesight, on Facebook along with the caption: ‘Picked up her glasses. Went out to eat and put them on her. Her reaction melts my heart.’ 

I can see clearly! Jessica Sinclair, 26, from Cincinnati, has posted a viral video of her baby daughter Piper's reaction to being able to see clearly for the first time

I can see clearly! Jessica Sinclair, 26, from Cincinnati, has posted a viral video of her baby daughter Piper’s reaction to being able to see clearly for the first time

The 30-second video, which has been viewed a staggering 12,179,340 times, sees baby Piper sat in American diner Flipdaddy’s, with parents Jessica and Andrew Verdusco.

Piper is seen absent-mindedly playing with a coaster in a high-chair while her mother attempts to fit her with the pink-rimmed glasses.

The pair of spectacles feature a stretchy cloth band to keep them securely on, and as they are placed onto Piper’s head, she is seen struggling, adamantly trying to take them off.

Wriggling and even flailing her arms, the baby girl lets up at one point, just as mother Jessica is able to slip the glasses on.

She attempts to slip them around the baby's head

Piper begins to struggle, adamant that she does not want to wear them  Mother Jessica manages to get them on

Come here, wriggler! Mother Jessica attempts to fit the pink-rimmed prescription glasses on baby Piper’s head

Piper begins to struggle, adamant that she does not want to wear them (left) – however, mother Jessica still manages to get them on (right)

Jessica asks: ‘Hi Piper! How are you?’

Able to see clearly for the first time in her life, Piper pauses momentarily, gazing awe-struck at her mother, before bursting into a grin and staring with her mouth agape.

Her overjoyed expression prompts her mother to question: ‘Hi, can you see? Can you see?’

All this while, Piper is staring at her mother with an amazed expression on her face.

At this point, father Andrew attracts Piper’s attention, saying: ‘Piper, hi!’

The young baby girl, looks over at her father, and smiles instantly.

She continues to look back and forth ecstatically at her parents, who laugh at her reaction.

At first, Piper stares awe-struck at her mother  She also looks at her father, seeing clearly for the first time

At first, Piper stares awe-struck at her mother (left); she also looks at her father, seeing clearly for the first time (right)

With a joyful expression on her face, she begins to smile broadly  She begins to smile broadly, overjoyed at her improved vision

With a joyful expression on her face, she begins to smile broadly, overjoyed at her much-improved vision

The video has tugged on the heartstrings of many viewers, with one commenting: ‘Cutie! Precious reaction and moment…’

Emotional mother Jessica responded, saying: ‘Thank you! I was tearing up too. Just so happy for her.’

The clip has also been shared on Facebook 189,836 times in the past week.

Source…www.dailymail.co.uk

Natarajan

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3158054/Here-s-looking-mum-Parents-capture-film-joyous-moment-baby-weak-eyesight-given-pair-glasses.html#ixzz3fmvCV1z9

” தெய்வம் பேசுமா ….” ?

“தெய்வம் பேசுமா?”

(வழி காட்டின மஹா பெரியவா.)

சொன்னவர்-மணக்கால் ராமன்.
11062732_966708246695949_3966038563901324568_n.jpg

வலையில் படித்த தகவல்.

தனியார் ஆபீஸில் தன்னுடைய பதினெட்டாவது வயஸில், shorthand, typewriting, SSLC certificates உடன் வேலைக்கு சேர்ந்து, ஐம்பத்தெட்டாவது வயஸில் retire ஆகி வீட்டில் உட்கார்ந்தார் ஒரு பக்தர்.

அவர் வஹித்த பதவி, அவருக்கு ஏகப்பட்ட பணம், செல்வாக்கு எல்லாவற்றையும் குடுத்திருந்தாலும், அவருடைய உள் மனஸில் வெறும் சூன்யமாகவே இருந்தது. வேலை, வேலை என்று உயிரைக் குடுத்து உத்யோகம் பார்த்ததில், “நான் யார்?” என்று அரை நிமிஷம் கூட சிந்திக்காமல் விட்டுவிட்டார்.

அதன் பலன்? retire ஆனதும், அத்தனை நாள் மாங்கு மாங்கென்று எந்தக் கம்பெனிக்காக உழைத்தாரோ, அந்த routine, நண்பர்கள்,எல்லாமே ஒரு நொடியில், ஒரு பிரிவுபசார பார்ட்டியோடு அவரை விட்டுத் தள்ளிப் போய்விட்டன!

பெற்ற பிள்ளையும் மாட்டுப்பெண்ணும் கல்கத்தாவில் இருந்தார்கள். அங்கேயெல்லாம் போனால், போய் இறங்கின அன்று இருக்கும் மரியாதையும் உபசரிப்பும், நாலு நாளைக்கு மேல் நீடித்தால், அது அவர் செய்த பாக்யம்!

பிள்ளை நல்ல உத்தியோகம்; ரொம்ப நல்லவன்; ஆனால், என்ன ப்ரயோஜனம்? மாட்டுப்பெண்ணும் நல்லவள்தான்…. யாருக்கு? பிள்ளைக்கு!

பெற்றவர்களை ஒதுக்கி விட்டு, பிள்ளையை மட்டும் தன்னுடைய குடும்பமாக நினைப்பவள்; பிறந்த வீட்டார் மேல் அபரிமிதமான கரிசனம்.

இப்படி இருக்கும் வீட்டில் தான் போய் அதிக நாட்கள் தங்கினால், இப்போதிருக்கும் பேச்சு வார்த்தை கூட அறுந்து போய்விடும் என்று தயங்கினார்.

யார் வழி காட்டுவார்கள்? “நீனே அநாத பந்து” என்று பெரியவாளுடைய திருவடியில் வந்து விழுந்தார்.

மனசுக்குள், எங்கே போவது? யாருடன் தங்குவது? ஜன்மாவை கடைத்தேற்றிக் கொள்ளாமல் ஐம்பத்தெட்டு வருஷம் கோட்டை விட்டாச்சு !…. என்று ஒரே குழப்பம்.

எதுவுமே பேசாமல் நமஸ்காரம் பண்ணிவிட்டு ஒரு ஓரமாக நின்றார். பெரியவா அவரைப் பார்த்தார்….. உடனே அருகில் வந்து மிகவும் பவ்யமாக, “பெரியவா அநுக்ரஹத்ல அனேகமா எல்லா க்ஷேத்ரங்களும் தர்ஸனம் பண்ணிட்டோம். போனவாரம் தலைக்காவேரி போயிட்டு, அப்டியே காவேரிப்பூம்பட்டிணம் போய்ட்டு வந்தோம்…”

காவேரி உற்பத்தி ஸ்தானத்லயும், சங்கமத்துலேயும் ரொம்ப குறுகலாத்தானே இருக்கு?”

“ஆமா…..”

“காவேரி, ரொம்ம்…ம்ப அகலமா இருக்கற மத்ய ஸ்தானத்துக்கு என்ன பேரு?”

“அகண்ட காவேரி”

“அது எங்க இருக்கு?”

“திருச்சி பக்கத்ல …”

“அந்த ப்ரதேசத்துக்கு என்ன பேரு?”

பக்தர் முழித்தார்!…..

“மழநாடு…ன்னு கேள்விப்பட்டிருக்கியோ?”

“எங்க தாத்தா சொல்லுவார்”

காவேரி தீரம்தான் மழநாடு; ரொம்ப ஆசாரக்காரா இருந்த நாடு; ஒன்னோட தாத்தா இருந்த எடம்”

பக்தருக்கு இதெல்லாம் எதுவுமே தெரியவில்லை. நெளிந்தார்.

ஆஹா! அடுத்து பெரியவா, இவர் எதுவும் சொல்லாமலேயே, இவருடைய குழப்பத்தை தீர்த்து வைத்தார்!

“திருச்சில ஜாகை வெச்சுக்கோ!

தெனமும் ஒரு கோவிலுக்கு போ! உச்சிப் பிள்ளையார், மாத்ருபூதேஸ்வரர், அகிலாண்டேஸ்வரி, ஜம்புலிங்கம், ஸ்ரீரங்கம் ரங்கநாதர், வயலூர் முருகன், குணசீலம் ஸ்ரீநிவாஸ பெருமாள்…. இப்டியா தர்சனம் பண்ணிண்டு இரு!”

“தெய்வம் பேசுமா?”…என்று சந்தேஹம் வருபவர்களுக்கு, இதோ! தெய்வம் பேசுகிறது! என்று உண்மையான மஹான்கள் முன்னால் கொண்டு போய் நிறுத்தி விடலாம்.

கண்களில் நன்றிக் கண்ணீரோடு நமஸ்காரம் பண்ணிவிட்டு, பெரியவா சொன்னபடி திருச்சியில் ஜாகை பார்க்கச் சென்றார்.

மலைக்கோட்டை தெருவில் அம்சமான வீடும் கிடைத்தது!

பெரியவா சொன்னபடி தன் வாழ்க்கை முறையை அமைத்துக் கொண்டபடியால் கட்டாயம் “வீடு பேறும்” கிடைக்கும்

Read more: http://periva.proboards.com/thread/9665/#ixzz3fmFpAShV

Source….www.periva.proboards.com

Natarajan

” Official Apathy Cut Her IAS Dream Short ….”

It was only last week that the country celebrated the phenomenal achievement of differently abled candidate Ira Singhal, the topper in the Civil Services exams.

Earlier, it was Beno Zephine, the visually challenged candidate who was posted in the Indian Foreign Service (IFS). It was even more heartening to learn both talk of their commitment towards making society more inclusive. Here, in Chennai, 20 years ago, S. Gayathri had an equally promising opportunity, only it never came through. A qualified Chartered Accountant, she is now running a consulting service.

In 1995, Chennai resident Gayathri, now 44, was asked to recite the Gayathri Mantra during an interview at the Union Public Service Commission in New Delhi.

She recited the prayer with the permission of the chair, and a few days later, she was on the list of successful candidates, securing top rank in Tamil Nadu, making her eligible for the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).

“I appeared for the Civil Services examination in 1994 and secured the 28th rank, making me eligible for IAS and IFS.  However, before posting orders were issued, a letter was issued declaring me unfit for government service, attributing it to an eye condition called ‘degenerative myopia.’ Guru Nanak Eye Centre, New Delhi, was the hospital that conducted the eye test based on which the disqualification was took effect,” says Ms. Gayathri.

Ophthalmologists in New Delhi and Chennai were of the opinion that my condition would not come in the way of discharging my duty. They advised me to undergo a corrective surgery that would substantially reduce my myopia. I had the surgery and appealed to the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) to constitute a second Medical Board to examine me. But the Medical Board at the Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, declared me unfit,” says Ms. Gayathri.

Not satisfied with this, she went to the AIIMS to get herself examined, and was issued a certificate clearing her. “With this, I went to the DoPT, but was told that any appeal would have to be directed to the Ministry of DoPT.”

“I then approached Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. The Chief Minister’s office issued a letter to the Union Health Minister. The third medical team was constituted in May 1996, at Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital. This too declared me unfit for any government service,” she says.

Being woman in a country that was yet to change, she had to think how to balance tradition and modern schools of thought. Ms. Gayathri, still rooted to tradition and culture, displayed a sensible willingness to change.

Two decades after clearing IAS, posting remains a mirage for Chennai resident

Source…

http://www.thehindu.com

Natarajan

Impact of a Photograph on the Life of a Kid….

When Joyce Torrefranca posted photographs of a young boy on Facebook, she had no idea what an impact that simple action would soon have on the child’s life.

On June 23, the student from Mandaue City, Philippines, shared two photos of a child studying at a makeshift table on a sidewalk. “I got inspired by a kid,” the woman wrote.

Over the following days, Torrefranca’s post went viral, inspiring Filipino news outlet ABS-CBN to track down the child.

The outlet says they managed to locate the boy, identified as 9-year-old Daniel Cabrera, at a store located close to the McDonald’s where the photos of him were taken. Daniel’s mom, Christina Espinosa, is reportedly an employee at the store.

According to AFP, Espinosa, who is a widow, and her three young children have been living at the store ever since their shanty house was destroyed by fire five years ago. Daniel’s mom says she earns just 80 pesos, or about $1.77, a day working at the store and as a domestic helper. She lost her husband in 2013.

Despite the myriad challenges the family has faced, Espinosa says Daniel, who is now in third grade, has always been a dedicated student.

“He is a very studious and determined boy … He would insist on going to school even without his lunch money because I have no money to give,” she told AFP. “He always tells me: ‘Mama, I don’t want to stay poor. I want to reach my dreams.’”

The boy is now being given a much-needed helping hand.

In the last few days, Espinosa says the family has been deluged with donations, school supplies and other gifts.

According to ABS-CBN, a local politician named Samuel Pagdilao has given Daniel a scholarship, and local police have also done their part — giving the family money and buying them groceries.

“We’re overjoyed, I don’t know what I will do with all of these blessings,” Espinosa told AFP. “Now Daniel will not have to suffer just to finish his studies.”

In a recent interview with radio station DZMM, Daniel said that his dream is to become a policeman one day.

“I want … to help the Philippines,” he said.

Embedded image permalink

On her part, Torrefranca has said that she’s amazed at how one “simple photo” could make such a “huge difference.”

 

“Thank you guys for sharing the photo,” she wrote on Facebook. “With that, we were able to help Daniel in reaching his dreams. I hope Daniel’s story will continue touching our hearts so that we will always be inspired and motivated in every situation we face in life.”

H/T Buzzfeed

Source…..www.huffingtonpost.com

Natarajan

Let us Appreciate the Magic of Nature …

Where the Sky Meets the Earth

We don’t always get to experience the view of heaven and earth because we often don’t bother to look. Sometimes, just opening your eyes is enough to experience the sheer beauty and magic of nature. Enjoy these spectacular photos and words of wisdom.

Nature is so powerful, so strong. Capturing its essence is not easy ~ your work becomes a dance with light and the weather. It takes you to a place within yourself.

~ Annie Leibovit 

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Mother Nature is the great equalizer. You can’t get away from it.

~ Christopher Heyerdahl

When the Sky Meets the Earth

When I admire the wonders of a sunset or the beauty of the moon, my soul expands in the worship of the creator.

~ Mahatma Gandhi

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.

~ Albert Einstein

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Land really is the best art.

~ Andy Warhol

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Our knowledge is a little island in a great ocean of nonknowledge.

~ Isaac Bashevis Singer

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Nature is wont to hide herself.

~ Heraclitus

When the Sky Meets the Earth

I go to nature to be soothed and healed, and to have my senses put in order.

~ John Burroughs

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Men have looked upon the desert as barren land, the free holding of whoever chose; but in fact each hill and valley in it had a man who was its acknowledged owner and would quickly assert the right of his family or clan to it, against aggression.

~ T. E. Lawrence

When the Sky Meets the Earth

What is the good of your stars and trees, your sunrise and the wind, if they do not enter into our daily lives?

~ E. M. Forster

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Nature will bear the closest inspection. She invites us to lay our eye level with her smallest leaf, and take an insect view of its plain.

~ Henry David Thoreau

When the Sky Meets the Earth

In the depth of winter I finally learned that there was in me an invincible summer.

~ Albert Camus 

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Forget not that the earth delights to feel your bare feet and the winds long to play with your hair.

~ Khalil Gibran

When the Sky Meets the Earth

The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep.
~ Robert Frost
When the Sky Meets the Earth

Nature uses human imagination to lift her work of creation to even higher levels.

~ Luigi Pirandello

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Trees are the earth’s endless effort to speak to the listening heaven.

~ Rabindranath Tagore

When the Sky Meets the Earth

 

There are always flowers for those who want to see them.

~ Henri Matisse

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Water is the driving force of all nature.

~ Leonardo da Vinci

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Autumn arrives in early morning, but spring at the close of a winter day.

~ Elizabeth Bowen

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Just living is not enough… one must have sunshine, freedom, and a little flower.

~ Hans Christian Andersen

When the Sky Meets the Earth

For in the true nature of things, if we rightly consider, every green tree is far more glorious than if it were made of gold and silver.

~ Martin Luther

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Each blade of grass has its spot on earth whence it draws its life, its strength; and so is man rooted to the land from which he draws his faith together with his life.

~ Joseph Conrad

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Spring is nature’s way of saying, ‘Let’s party!’

~ Robin Williams

When the Sky Meets the Earth

I believe in God, only I spell it Nature.

~ Frank Lloyd Wright

When the Sky Meets the Earth

One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.

~ William Shakespeare

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Like music and art, love of nature is a common language that can transcend political or social boundaries.

~ Jimmy Carter

When the Sky Meets the Earth

When I have a terrible need of ~ shall I say the word ~ religion. Then I go out and paint the stars.

~ Vincent Van Gogh

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters, and teach some of us more than we can ever learn from books.

~ John Lubbock

When the Sky Meets the Earth

In all things of nature there is something of the marvelous.

~ Aristotle

When the Sky Meets the Earth

What makes the desert beautiful is that somewhere it hides a well.

~ Antoine de Saint~ Exupery

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Wherever you go, no matter what the weather, always bring your own sunshine.

~ Anthony J. D’Angelo

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Someone asked me, if I were stranded on a desert island what book would I bring… ‘How to Build a Boat.’

~ Steven Wright

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Never measure the height of a mountain until you have reached the top. Then you will see how low it was.

~ Dag Hammarskjold

When the Sky Meets the Earth

The butterfly counts not months but moments, and has time enough.

~ Rabindranath Tagore

When the Sky Meets the Earth

In wilderness I sense the miracle of life, and behind it our scientific accomplishments fade to trivia.

~ Charles Lindbergh

When the Sky Meets the Earth

Source….www.ba-bamail.com

Natarajan

Message for the Day…”Spiritual Discipline has the’one pointedness’ has its Ultimate aim…”

Sathya Sai Baba

You must be careful even in matters relating to the realisation of God. Whatever inconveniences one may encounter, one must try to carry on spiritual practices without any break or modification in the disciplines. One should not be changing the name that one has loved, cherished and selected for remembrance (smarana).Concentration is impossible if the name is changed once every few days. The mind won’t attain one-pointedness. All spiritual discipline has this one-pointedness as its ultimate aim. Therefore, avoid constant adoption and rejection of names and forms of the Lord. One single name must be used throughout for repetition of the name(japa) and meditation. One has also to get the strong conviction that all the Lord’s names and forms are but the name and form that one is repeating. Your chosen name and form must not give the slightest feeling of dislike or disaffection.

 

Negative Emotions Lead to Heart Attacks…How to Overcome This…?

People who experience explosive bouts of anger are at greater risk for heart disease, as well as those who harbour suppressed rage, writes Dr Haresh Mehta, consultant intervention cardiologist, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai 

Subodh’s promotion to chief manager was like living a dream. But bigger position meant bigger responsibilities and never-ending list of deadlines.

The hectic workload and continued stress took a toll on Subodh.

He started losing his temper at the most trivial of matters and eventually his disposition turned extremely temperamental and volatile.

During a crucial board meeting, Subodh experienced sudden dizziness and sweating, accompanied by mild pain in his left arm and nausea. The diagnosis appalled Subodh.

A non-smoker and non-drinker with just the right weight, he had considered himself healthy. How did he suddenly become a cardiac patient?

Humans deal with stress on a daily basis. It is unavoidable and so are the negative thoughts that arise while dealing with a nerve-wracking situation. It is more or less impossible to be any kind of professional these days and not experience frequent bouts of intense stress.

Anger, hostility and cynicism have been observed to harm your heart. These emotions quickly activate the “fight or flight response”, in which release of stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol, speed up your heart rate and breathing.

Frequent anger initiates the stress response within the body, causing blood sugar levels to rise, heart rate and blood pressure to increase, and this may speed up the process of atherosclerosis, in which fatty plaques build up in arteries.

Chronic stress that causes an increase in the heart rate and blood pressure may damage the walls of the artery. People who experience explosive bouts of anger are at greater risk for heart disease, as well as those who harbour suppressed rage.

Watch for signs and symptoms and pay utmost attention – these are the precursors to underlying heart trouble.

Women are more likely than men to have heart attack symptoms unrelated to chest pain, such as unusual fatigue, dizziness, sweating, upper back or abdominal discomfort and nausea.

People who experience extreme emotions such as anger and anxiety should get themselves checked for heart related diseases as they are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Quick Tips 

  • Avoid people who bring negativity or people who are constantly angry, grumpy and discouraging.
  • Notice how sudden bouts of anger make you feel and which events trigger those feelings so you can prepare in advance and learn to suppress the outburst as much as possible.
  • Take support from your loved ones. It is never too late to let them know about your worries and the reasons for your stress.
  • Relax by adopting techniques like meditation, deep breathing exercises, reading, walking.
  • Exercise. Physical activity alleviates stress and reduces your risk of becoming depressed. Aerobic activity lowers your level of stress chemicals and allows you to cope better with negative emotions.
  • Get enough sleep. Lack of sound sleep can affect your mood, mental alertness, energy level and physical health.

 

Dr Haresh Mehta

Source:    in http://www.rediff.com
natarajan

Message for the Day…” Faith Develops into Love , and Love Results in Concentration…”

People driving cars concentrate on the road, for they are anxious to save themselves and others from accidents. Fear is what induces single-mindedness here. But Love is a greater force for achieving concentration. If you have steady and resolute love, concentration becomes intense and unshakeable. Faith develops into love, and love results in concentration. And under these conditions, prayer begins to yield fruit. Pray keeping all the waves of the mind stilled. Pray, as the performance of a duty for your very real existence, as the only justification for your coming into the world as a human. Narayana is the Lord of the Water (naaram means water). But what is the water of which He is the Lord of? He resides in the heart, and His presence when recognised melts even the stoniest heart, and water emanates from the eye as tears of joy, gratitude, and fullness! The function of your tears is not to weep like a fool or a coward but to express internal joy. 

Sathya Sai Baba

 

” Let us Learn From These Birds….”

Birds Can Teach Us a Lot About Perseverance…

 

There is much to learn from the world of nature. We often forget that many of the things we know come from that place. When we despair from our world’s hardships, it can be of immense comfort to look outside of it for some answers. I hope this beautiful presentation will prove that to you.

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

perseverance inspiring

Source…..www.ba-bamail.com

Natarajan