learnings
Checkpoint Charlie….
For nearly thirty years until the end of the Cold War, Berlin lay divided both physically and ideologically by the infamous Berlin Wall that snaked through the now united German capital. The wall was erected mainly to prevent East Germans from defecting to the West. Citizens from East Germany were strictly forbidden to travel to the other side. West Germans and citizens of other countries, however, could visit East Germany after applying for a visa.
The 155-km long wall had nine border crossings that allowed visitors from the West, Allied personnel, foreigners etc. into the Soviet controlled East Berlin. The most famous of this crossings was the checkpoint at the corner of Friedrichstraße and Zimmerstraße, named Checkpoint Charlie.
The name Charlie comes from the letter C in the NATO phonetic alphabet—Alpha, Bravo, Charlie and so on. Similarly, the border crossing at Helmstedt-Marienborn was nicknamed Checkpoint Alpha, and the one at Dreilinden-Drewitz was called Checkpoint Bravo. Checkpoint Charlie was the third opened by the Allies around Berlin.
Checkpoint Charlie became the most famous crossing point between East and West Germany, and it was the only gateway through which Allied diplomats, military personnel and foreign tourists could pass into Berlin’s Soviet sector. Despite its importance, the Allies did not try to erect any permanent buildings here. A small wooden shed with a couple of sandbags was all that stood. Although this was replaced by a larger metal building in the 1980s, the Allies kept their operations deliberately simple as a way of symbolizing their view that the Berlin Wall was not a legitimate border. Things were different on the East German side of the checkpoint, with guard towers, cement barriers and a shed where departing vehicles and their occupants were meticulously searched for potential fugitives.
Checkpoint Charlie was the most visible checkpoint on the Berlin Wall. A small café opened right on the checkpoint became very popular among Allied officials, armed forces and foreigners alike because it provided an excellent viewing point to look into East Berlin while having something to eat and drink.
Checkpoint Charlie also attracted many desperate East Germans looking to flee to the West. In its early years, the checkpoint was blocked only by a gate and one escapee smashed a car through the flimsy barrier. Another escapee simply sped underneath the checkpoint’s vehicle barrier after removing his convertible’s windshield to lower the car’s height. In another famous but unsuccessful attempt, a teenager named Peter Fechter was shot to death by East German guards when he tried to escape to the other side. As he bled to death, his body tangled on the barbed wire, the American soldiers could only watch. Checkpoint Charlie was also the site of the famous tank confrontation in October 1961 when American and Soviet tanks took up position on either side of the gate.
After the Berlin Wall came down and the East and West were united, the guardhouse was removed and is now on display in the open-air museum of the Allied Museum in Berlin-Zehlendorf. A replica of the guardhouse complete with actors dressed in military uniform and posing as Allied guards now stand where the original checkpoint once stood. Today, it is one of Berlin’s primary tourist attractions.

Two actors dressed as Cold War circa American guards stand at a replica of Checkpoint Charlie in Berlin. Photo credit: Shadowgate/Flickr
Source : Kaushik in www. amusingplanet.com
Natarajan
THE TRUTH ABOUT THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE….
The Bermuda Triangle is a large area of ocean between Florida, Puerto Rico, and Bermuda. Over the last few centuries, it’s thought that dozens of ships and planes have disappeared under mysterious circumstances in the area, earning it the nickname “The Devil’s Triangle.” People have even gone so far as to speculate that it’s an area of extra-terrestrial activity or that there is some bizarre natural scientific cause for the region to be hazardous; but most likely, it’s simply an area in which people have experienced a lot of bad luck—the idea of it being a “vortex of doom” is no more real than Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster (see The Origin of the Bigfoot Legend and The Origin of the Loch Ness Monster).
The Bermuda Triangle’s bad reputation started with Christopher Columbus. According to his log, on October 8, 1492, Columbus looked down at his compass and noticed that it was giving weird readings. He didn’t alert his crew at first, because having a compass that didn’t point to magnetic north may have sent the already on edge crew into a panic. This was probably a good decision considering three days later when Columbus simply spotted a strange light, the crew threatened to return to Spain.
This and other reported compass issues in the region gave rise to the myth that compasses will all be off in the Triangle, which isn’t correct, or at least is an exaggeration of what is actually happening as you’ll see. Despite this, in 1970 the U.S. Coast Guard, attempting to explain the reasons for disappearances in the Triangle, stated:
First, the “Devil’s Triangle” is one of the two places on earth that a magnetic compass does point towards true north. Normally it points toward magnetic north. The difference between the two is known as compass variation. The amount of variation changes by as much as 20 degrees as one circumnavigates the earth. If this compass variation or error is not compensated for, a navigator could find himself far off course and in deep trouble.
Of course, despite this now being repeated as an explanation for disappearances in the Triangle on numerous documentaries and articles since then, it turns out magnetic variation is something ship captains (and other explorers) have known about and had to deal with pretty much as long as there have been ships and compasses. Dealing with magnetic declination is really just “Navigation by Compass” 101 and nothing to be concerned about, nor anything that would seriously throw off any experienced navigator.
n 2005, the Coast Guard revisited the issue after a TV producer in London inquired about it for a program he was working on. In this case, they correctly changed their tune about the magnetic field bit stating,
Many explanations have cited unusual magnetic properties within the boundaries of the Triangle. Although the world’s magnetic fields are in constant flux, the “Bermuda Triangle” has remained relatively undisturbed. It is true that some exceptional magnetic values have been reported within the Triangle, but none to make the Triangle more unusual than any other place on Earth.
The modern Bermuda Triangle legend didn’t get started until 1950 when an article written by Edward Van Winkle Jones was published by the Associated Press. Jones reported several incidences of disappearing ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle, including five US Navy torpedo bombers that vanished on December 5, 1945, and the commercial airliners “Star Tiger” and “Star Ariel” which disappeared on January 30, 1948 and January 17, 1949 respectively. All told, about 135 individuals were unaccounted for, and they all went missing around the Bermuda Triangle. As Jones said, “they were swallowed without a trace.”
It was a 1955 book, The Case for the UFO, by M. K. Jessup that started pointing fingers at alien life forms. After all, no bodies or wreckage had yet been discovered. By 1964, Vincent H. Gaddis—who coined the term “Bermuda Triangle”—wrote an article saying over 1000 lives had been claimed by the area. He also agreed that it was a “pattern of strange events.” The Bermuda Triangle obsession hit its peak in the early 1970s with the publication of several paperback books about the topic, including the bestseller by Charles Berlitz, The Bermuda Triangle.
However, critic Larry Kusche, who published The Bermuda Triangle Mystery: Solved in 1975, argued that other authors had exaggerated their numbers and hadn’t done any proper research. They presented some disappearance cases as “mysteries” when they weren’t mysteries at all, and some reported cases hadn’t even happened within the Bermuda Triangle.
After extensively researching the issue, Kusche concluded that the number of disappearances that occurred within the Bermuda Triangle wasn’t actually greater than in any other similarly trafficked area of the ocean, and that other writers presented misinformation—such as not reporting storms that occurred on the same day as disappearances, and sometimes even making it seem as though the conditions had been calm for the purposes of creating a sensational story. In short: previous Bermuda Triangle authors didn’t do their research and either knowingly or unintentionally “made it up.”
The book did such a thorough job of debunking the myth that it effectively ended most of the Bermuda Triangle hype. When authors like Berlitz and others were unable to refute Kusche’s findings, even the most steadfast of believers had difficulty remaining confident in the sensationalized Bermuda Triangle narrative. Nevertheless, many magazine articles, TV shows, and movies have continued to feature the Bermuda Triangle.
Because the number of disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle is no greater than any other similarly trafficked area of the world’s oceans, they don’t really need an explanation. But if you’re still convinced that the Triangle is a ship graveyard, relative to other regions that get around the same number of travelers, here are some natural explanations from the Coast Guard to combat some of the “alien” and other fantastical theories.
The majority of disappearances can be attributed to the area’s unique features. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current flowing from the Gulf of Mexico around the Florida Straits northeastward toward Europe, is extremely swift and turbulent. It can quickly erase any evidence of a disaster.
The unpredictable Caribbean-Atlantic storms that give birth to waves of great size as well as waterspouts often spell disaster for pilots and mariners. (Not to mention that the area is in “hurricane alley.”) The topography of the ocean floor varies from extensive shoals to some of the deepest marine trenches in the world. With the interaction of strong currents over reefs, the topography is in a constant state of flux and breeds development of new navigational hazards.
Not to be underestimated is the human factor. A large number of pleasure boats travel the water between Florida’s Gold Coast (the most densely populated area in the world) and the Bahamas. All to often, crossings are attempted with too small a boat, insufficient knowledge of the area’s hazards and lack of good seamanship.
Source…www.today i foundout.com
Natarajan
Ethiopia’s Churches In The Sky…
The ancient Kingdom of Axum, now a part of Ethiopia, was one of the first nations in the world to adopt Christianity. The religion took strong foothold in 330 AD when King Ezana the Great declared it the state religion and ordered the construction of the imposing basilica of St. Mary of Tsion. Legend has it, that it here that Menelik, son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, brought the Ark of the Covenant containing the Ten Commandments.
By the fifth century, nine saints from Syria, Constantinople and elsewhere had begun spreading the faith far beyond the caravan routes and deep into the mountainous countryside. These missionaries played a key role in the initial growth of Christianity in Ethiopia. The monks translated the Bible and other religious texts from Greek into Ethiopic allowing the locals who couldn’t read Greek to learn about Christianity. The religion’s mystical aspects found a curious draw among the young. As Christianity grew, a series of spectacular churches and monasteries were built high atop mountains or excavated out of solid rock, many of which are still in use today. 
A priest is seen looking out of Abuna Yemata church’s only window. The church is located on aside of a cliff, 650 feet up from the floor of the valley. This image is from a recently published book “Ethiopia: The Living Churches of an Ancient Kingdom.”
These ancient churches were often built in the most impossible of places. A good example is the Abuna Yemata Guh in Tigray, in Northern Ethiopia. This 5th century church is perched 650 feet up in the sky, on the face of a vertical spire of rock. To reach it, one has to climb without any climbing ropes or harnesses, inching along narrow ledges and crossing a rickety makeshift bridge. The final leg of the journey involves scaling a sheer 19 feet-high wall of rock. The church was founded by Abuna Yemata, one of the nine saints, who chose the secluded spot as his hermitage.
Photo credit: Andrea Moroni/Flickr
Source….Kaushik in http://www.amusing planet.com
Natarajan
பறவைகள் மோதிய விமானம்… ஆற்றில் இறக்கிய பைலட்… விமான வரலாற்றில் ஒரு ‘வாவ்’ சம்பவம்!
2009 ஆண்டு ஜனவரி 15 குளிர்காலத்தின் வியாழக்கிழமை. நியூயார்க் நகரம் எப்போதும் போல இயங்கிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. லகுவார்டியா விமானநிலையம் பரபரப்பாக இருக்கிறது. விமானங்கள் வருவதும் போவதுமாக இருக்கிறது. விமானங்களுக்கு ஓடுபாதையில் இறங்க வேண்டிய நேரத்தை சிக்னலாக வழங்கிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள். லகுவார்டியாவிலிருந்து US ஏர் பஸ் 1549 A320 என்கிற விமானம் நார்த் கர்லோநியாவில் உள்ள சார்லோட்டி விமான நிலையத்திற்குப் புறப்படத் தயாராகிறது. 66 டன் எடை கொண்ட விமானம் இரண்டு என்ஜின்களைக் கொண்டது. இரண்டு என்ஜின்களும் 40000 குதிரைத் திறன் கொண்டவை. பைலட்டின் பெயர் செஷ்லே சுல்லேன்பெர்கர் (Chesley Sullenberger). வயது 57. இவர் அமெரிக்க விமானப்படையில் பைலட்டாக இருந்தவர். மொத்தம் 19663 மணி நேரம் பறந்தவர். அதில் 4765 மணி நேரம் A320 விமானத்தில் பயணித்தவர்.
ஏர் பஸ் 1549 A320 விமானத்தில் 150 பயணிகளும் ஐந்து விமானச் சிப்பந்திகளும் பயணிக்கிறார்கள். விமானம் கிளம்புவதற்கான ஒப்புதல் நிலைய அதிகாரிகளிடமிருந்து கிடைக்கிறது. விமான நிலையத்தின் நான்காவது ஓடுபாதையிலிருந்து மாலை 3:24:56 நொடிகளுக்கு விமானம் புறப்படுகிறது.
விமானம் 2818 அடி உயரத்தில் 343 கிலோமீட்டர் வேகத்தில் பறந்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. விமான முகப்புப் பகுதியில் விமானத்தின் முன்பாக பறவைகள் வருவதை பைலட் பார்க்கிறார். அவை கனடா கீஸ் வகை பறவைகள். 3:27:11 பறவைகள் விமானத்தின் எஞ்சின் பகுதியில் மோதுகின்றன. பறவைகள் மோதியதில் விமானத்தின் இரண்டு என்ஜின்களும் பழுதாகின்றன. விமானம் பழுதானதை உணர்கிற பைலட் உடனே விமான நிலைய கட்டுப்பாட்டு அறைக்குத் தகவலைத் தெரிவிக்கிறார். 3:27:33 வினாடிகளில் “விமானத்தில் பறவைகள் மோதிவிட்டன. உடனே விமானத்தை லகுவார்டியாவில் தரை இறக்க வேண்டும் ஓடுபாதையை கிளியர் செய்து கொடுங்கள்” என்கிறார். நிலைமையின் தீவிரத்தை அறியாத விமான நிலைய அதிகாரிகள் விமானத்தை நியூ ஜெர்சியில் இருக்கிற டேடேர்போரோ விமான நிலையத்தில் இறக்குங்கள் எனத் தகவல் சொல்கிறார்கள்.
“விமானத்தை டேடர்போரோவில் இறக்குவதற்குச் சாத்தியமில்லை” என பைலட் பதிலளிக்கிறார். விமானம் ஜார்ஜ் வாஷிங்டன் பாலத்திற்கு மேலாகப் பறந்துக்கொண்டிருக்கிறது. பயணிகளுக்கு எந்தத் தகவலும் வழங்கப்படவில்லை. விமானத்தில் இருக்கிற 150 பயணிகளையும் காப்பாற்றியாக வேண்டிய அசாதாரண சூழ்நிலை. நொடிக்கு 18 அடி கீழ் நோக்கி விமானம் சென்றுகொண்டிருக்கிறது. தீவிரத்தை உணர்கிற பைலட் 3:28:10 நேரத்தில் விமானத்தை அட்சன் பகுதியில் இறக்குவதாக விமான நிலையத்திற்குத் தெரிவிக்கிறார். ஆனால், விமான நிலைய அதிகாரிகள் ”அட்சன் பகுதியிலா வேண்டாம்” என்கிறார்கள். காரணம் அட்சன் என்பது ஓடுதள பகுதி அல்ல என்பதே. நியூயார்க் நகரத்தில் இருக்கிற ஒரு ஆறு. ஜார்ஜ் வாஷிங்டன் பாலம் இருக்கிற நகரின் பரபரப்பான பகுதி. மொத்த விமான நிலையமும் பதற்றத்திற்கு வருகிறது. அட்சன் ஆறு ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்காவின் நியூயார்க்கின் கிழக்குப் பகுதியின் ஊடாகச் செல்லும் ஆறு. வடக்கிலிருந்து தெற்கு நோக்கி ஓடும் ஆற்றின் நீளம் 507 கிலோமீட்டர்கள்.
வேறு வழியின்றி விமானத்தை பைலட் அட்சன் ஆற்றுப் பகுதியில் இறக்க முடிவு செய்கிறார். பயணிகளுக்கு நிலைமை எடுத்துச் சொல்லப்படுகிறது. விமான ஒலிபெருக்கியின் மூலம் விமானிப் பயணிகளுடன் உரையாடுகிறார். பயணிகள் பயத்தில் உறைகிறார்கள். அடுத்து என்ன நடக்கும் என்பதை யூகிக்க முடியாத சூழல். விமான நிலையக் கட்டுப்பட்டு அறையில் இருக்கிற அதிகாரிகள் நியூயார்க் கடற்படைக்குத் தகவல் கொடுக்கிறார்கள். கடற்படையின் படகுகள் கப்பல்கள் குறிப்பிட்ட இடத்திற்குக் கிளம்புகின்றன. பாதுகாப்பு ஹெலிகாப்டர்கள், படகுகள் என அட்சன் ஆறு மிகப்பெரிய விபத்திற்கு தயாராகிறது
3:30 நிமிடத்திற்கு பைலட் விமானத்தை அட்சன் ஆற்றில் இறக்குகிறார். ஆற்றுக்கும் விமானத்திற்குமான இடைவெளி 500 அடியிலிருந்து தீவிரமாகக் கண்காணிக்கப்படுகிறது. 100 அடி, 50 அடி, 20 அடி, 10 அடி எனக் குறைகிறது. 0. அவ்வளவுதான். அதிபயங்கரச் சத்தத்துடன் விமானம் ஆற்றில் பாய்கிறது. அட்சன் பகுதிக்குப் பக்கத்தில் இருக்கிற மக்கள் பேராபத்தை உணர்கிறார்கள். விமானம் ஆற்றில் பாய்ந்த அடுத்த நிமிடம் ஆற்றில் மிதக்க ஆரம்பிக்கிறது. நல்ல வேளையாக விமானம் தீப்பிடிக்கவில்லை. விமானத்தின் தானியங்கி கதவுகள் மூடிக்கொள்கின்றன. கதவுகள் மனித முயற்சியில் திறக்கப்படுகிறது. அடித்துப் பிடித்துக்கொண்டு பயணிகள் விமானத்திலிருந்து வெளியே வருகிறார்கள். சிலர் பதற்றத்தில் வெளியே குதிக்கிறார்கள். குளிர்காலம் என்பதால் நீர் ஐந்து டிகிரி குளிராக இருக்கிறது. விமானத்திலிருந்து வெளியே வந்தவர்களை குளிர் வாட்டி வதைக்க ஆரம்பிக்கிறது. விமானத்தின் இறக்கைப் பகுதிகளில் ஏறி நின்று கொண்டு உதவிக்கு அழைக்கிறார்கள். விமானம் ஆற்றில் இறங்கிய நான்கு நிமிடங்களில் கடற்படையின் படகுச் சம்பவ இடத்திற்கு வந்து சேர்கிறது. பயணிகளில் ஒருவர் மாற்றுத் திறனாளி. விமானம் கொஞ்சம் கொஞ்சமாக நீரில் மூழ்க ஆரம்பிக்கிறது. கடற்படை வீரர்கள் பயணிகள் எல்லோரையும் பத்திரமாக மீட்கிறார்கள். படகுகள் மூலம் எல்லோரும் மீட்டு ஆற்றின் கரைக்குக் கொண்டுவரப்படுகிறார்கள். 3:55 நிமிடத்தில் விமானத்தின் கடைசிப் பயணியும் பத்திரமாக மீட்கப்படுகிறார். எல்லோரும் காப்பாற்றபட்டார்கள் என்பதை உறுதி செய்கிற விமான பைலட் கடைசியாக வெளியே வருகிறார். ஐந்து பயணிகள் பெரிய காயங்களுடன் மருத்துவமனையில் சேர்க்கப்படுகிறார்கள். எழுபத்தி எட்டு பயணிகளுக்குச் சிறிய காயங்கள். சிலர் குளிர் காய்ச்சலுக்கு ஆளானார்கள். ஒரு பயணிக்கு விமானத்தின் எரிபொருள் கண்ணில் பட்டதில் பார்வை போனது.
பெரிதாக எந்த அசம்பாவிதமும் அந்த விபத்தில் நிகழவில்லை. பயணிகள் பைலட்டை தூக்கிவைத்து கொண்டாடுகிறார்கள். விபத்து நடந்த இரண்டாம் நாள் விமானம் ஆற்றுப் படுக்கையிலிருந்து மீட்டு நியூ ஜெர்சிக்குக் கொண்டு செல்லப்படுகிறது. விஷயம் நீதி மன்றத்துக்குச் செல்கிறது. விமான நிர்வாகம் விமான பைலட்டை குற்றம் சாட்டுகிறது. விமானத்தை டேடர்போரோ விமான நிலையத்தில் தரை இறக்கி இருக்கலாம்; அதற்கான நேரம் இருந்தது. ஆனால் விமானி அவசரப்பட்டு விமானத்தை ஆற்றில் இறக்கிவிட்டார் என வாதாடுகிறது. விமானி செஷ்லே சுல்லேன்பெர்கர் அந்த நேரத்தில் பயணிகள் உயிர் குறித்து மட்டுமே சிந்தித்ததாகச் சொல்கிறார். அதை ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளாத விமான நிறுவனம் நீதிமன்ற உத்தரவுபடி ஒரு விமானத்தை சோதனை முயற்சியாக விபத்து நடந்த இடத்திலிருந்து டேடர்போரோ விமான நிலையத்தி இறக்கிக் காட்டுகிறது. ஆனால், விபத்துக்குள்ளான விமானத்தின் விமானி ”சோதனை செய்யப்பட்ட விமானிக்கு என்ன நடக்கப்போகிறது எனத் தெரியும். அதனால் அவர் எளிதாக விமானத்தை தரையிறக்கி விட்டார். மேலும் அவர் அதற்காகப் பயிற்சி பெற்றிருக்கிறார். ஆனால் என்னுடைய நிலை வேறு” எனச் சொல்லி வாதிடுகிறார்.
விமான நிர்வாகம் அதை ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளாமல் மீண்டும் ஒரு சோதனை முயற்சியில் இறங்குகிறது. நடுவானில் விமானத்தின் இரு எஞ்ஜின்களையும் செயலிழக்கச் செய்து டேடர்பெரோ விமான நிலையத்தில் தரை இறக்குகிற முயற்சியில் இறங்கியது. விமானம் பெரிய சுவற்றில் மோதி விபத்துக்குள்ளாகிறது. அனைத்தையும் ஆராய்ந்த நீதிமன்றம் செஷ்லே சுல்லேன்பெர்கர் செய்தது சரி எனச் சொல்லி தீர்ப்பளிக்கிறது. செஷ்லே சுல்லேன்பெர்கர் விமானி பல பதக்கங்களைப் பெறுகிறார். விமான நிறுவனம் பயணிகளுக்கு இழப்பீடை வழங்கியது.
இந்தச் சம்பவத்தை மையமாக வைத்து ‘சல்லி(Sully)’ என்றொரு படம் வெளியானது. டாம் ஹாங்க்ஸ் நடித்திருந்தார்.
Source….George Anthony in http://www.vikatan.com
Natarajan
The Origin of 8 Famous Phrases…
We use phrases, expressions, and proverbs on a daily basis when conversing with each other. Whether you’re at home, hanging out with some friends, or at work, chances are that you’ve uttered one of the phrases below more than once in your life. But, do you ever stop to think about what these expressions really mean? Where they come from? The answer to this is probably no, so let’s take a look at 8 common phrases and learn where there came from.
1. It’s Raining Cats and Dogs
Houses used to have thatched roofs. These roofs had thick straw piled together to form a ceiling, but there was no wood underneath.
So how did this phrase come about? Well, according to a popular theory, on cold nights, animals such as cats, dogs, mice, and rats would climb onto these roofs in order to have a warm place to sleep. Unfortunately, when it started to rain, the thatched roofs got so slippery that cats and dogs would slip and fall off the roofs. Therefore, when it rained heavily, it would literally rain cats and dogs (and whatever other animals were on the roofs).
2. Mad as a Hatter
The average person will probably tell you that this famous expression comes from Alice in Wonderland, but they’d be sorely mistaken. The Mad Hatter character isn’t the reason you use this phrase when describing someone who has lost their mind.
The true origin goes back to the days when actual hatmakers used mercury to construct their hats. The mercury poisoned the hatmakers and affected their nervous systems. Mercury causes aggressive, heavy mood swings, and erratic behavior and, as a result, “mad hatter’s disease” became the nickname for mercury poisoning, and the expression has been popular ever since.
3. Cat Got Your Tongue?
This is often used when someone is silent or at a loss for words. Surprisingly though, it has nothing to do with cats. In the English navy, punishments were handed out in the form of a flogging, which was carried out with a whip known as a cat-o’-nine-tails.
This was a formidable weapon, and the pain from being flogged by it was so bad that it caused its victims to go mute. They would often be afraid to speak and would often remain mute for a long time after a flogging.
Drunken navy sailors would then walk around shouting, “Cat got your tongue?” as a way of taunting the victims. So, next time you’re rendered speechless because someone made a really good point, remember that it could be a lot worse.
4. Bring Home the Bacon
There are a number of theories as to where this phrase comes from, but the two most popular include pigs.
According to one theory, this phrase comes from winners at state fairs bringing home the greased pigs they caught in competitions. However, the more popular theory is that highly successful men back in the day would buy pork, cook some bacon, and then hang it on their walls when they had guests over. This showed everyone how successful the men were. Walking into a man’s house and seeing bacon hanging on the wall meant that he was to be respected. In this particular case, bringing home the bacon was the ultimate sign of power and class.
5. Eat Crow
Usually, we have to “eat crow” when we’ve been proven wrong after taking a strong stance on something.
The expression originates from where you’d expect. Crow meat tastes bad and is hard to swallow. The simple connection to this term can start and end here, but there’s an even more interesting origin story.
Back in 1812, an American accidentally went hunting across British enemy lines. The US soldier was caught shooting and killing a crow by a British soldier. As punishment, the British soldier, after praising the American for his accurate shooting, tricked him into giving up his gun.
Now armed, the Brit pointed the gun at the American and forced him to take a bite out of the crow. After the American complied, he was given back his gun. Angered, the American then turned the gun on the British soldier and forced him to eat the rest of the bird.
6. On Cloud Nine
It’s often thought that this is a reference to Heaven, but this is not true.
According to one known origin of this expression, one of the classifications of clouds, defined by the US Weather Bureau in the 1950s, is known as “Cloud Nine.” This is a type of fluffy, cumulonimbus type of cloud.
So, what makes this cloud so special? Well, this cloud is considered to be the most attractive in the cloud community, which is what gives the phrase it’s positive connotation.
7. Crocodile Tears
For those who may not know, this expression refers to someone who is faking crying or pretending to be upset. When they do this, they are said to be shedding crocodile tears.
Did this phrase come about because crocodiles never cry? Well, no, the origin is a lot more interesting than that. In an ancient anecdote, Photios claimed that crocodiles cry to strategically lure their prey closer to them. When the prey is close enough, the crocodiles drop the act and go in for the kill.
8. Don’t Throw the Baby Out with the Bathwater
This strange expression goes all the way back to the 1500s. Believe it or not, but people in the 16th century only bathed once a year, and to make matters worse, entire groups used to bathe in the same water.
The men would go first, then the women, and then the children and babies went last. The water was so dirty by the time the babies got in, that they often came out clouded. Sometimes, mothers had to make sure that the babies weren’t literally thrown out with the dirty bathwater.
The phrase, “don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater,” now means that you should make sure you don’t throw out anything valuable while getting rid of unnecessary things. Nothing is more valuable than a newborn baby, so the phrase still rings true even to this day.
Source: listverse
Natarajan
Images: depositphotos
The Buddhas of Bamiyan….
On the cliff face of a sandstone mountain, visible from the ancient Silk Road near the town of Bamiyan in Afghanistan, are two massive voids left by two monumental statues of Buddha that once stood there. In 2001, the nearly 1,500 year old statues were blown to bits by the Taliban in an act of violence that shook the entire world, and set a disturbing precedent which has been imitated in recent years by Islamic State fighters in the Middle East.
For a long time, Buddhism was an important religion in the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia, having been introduced during the early Kushan period, in the 1st century. Along the Silk Road, on which Bamiyan lies, are several Buddhist monasteries, chapels and sanctuaries constructed inside caves carved into the mountains. In several of the caves and niches, often linked by galleries, there are remains of wall paintings and seated Buddha figures.
The 175 feet high Buddha statue in Bamiyan, Afghanistan, destroyed in 2001. Photo credit: Afghanistan Embassy
The two most prominent figures were the giant Buddha statues destroyed in 2001. The larger of the two stood 175 feet tall, and was one of the largest standing Buddha carvings in the world. The second figure was also enormous and measured 120 feet in height. Both figures were carved into niches of the cliff side in high relief. The main bodies were hewn directly from the sandstone cliffs, but details were modeled in mud mixed with straw, coated with stucco. This coating had worn away a long time ago, but in the early days, it served to enhance the expressions of the faces, hands, and folds of the robes. Both statues were originally painted—the larger one in carmine red and the smaller one in multiple colors. The area near the heads of both Buddha figures and the area around the larger Buddha’s feet were carved in the round, allowing worshippers to walk around as a form of worship.
Much of what we know about the monumental Buddha sculptures comes from the travelogue of the Chinese monk Hsuan-Tsang, who traveled to Bamiyan in the 7th century. Hsuan-Tsang described Bamiyan as a flourishing Buddhist center “with more than ten monasteries and more than a thousand monks”. He also noted that both Buddha figures were decorated in “dazzling golden color and adorned with brilliant gems”. Historians believe that the monumental Buddha sculptures were carved into the cliffs between the 3rd to 6th centuries A.D. They were perhaps the most famous cultural landmarks of the region attracting numerous pilgrims from all around.
After the Islamic invasion in the 9th century, the presence of a large Buddhist cultural icon in Afghanistan greatly disturbed the Muslim rulers. The 17th century Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, and the 18th century Persian king Nader Afshar, both tried to destroy the statues by using heavy artillery but failed to inflict any noticeable damage. It was the Afghan king Abdur Rahman Khan who eventually managed to destroyed its face.
In 2001, the leader of the Taliban movement ordered that all statues and non-Islamic shrines in the different areas of the Islamic Emirate must be destroyed. Accordingly, in March the same year, Taliban fighters laid explosives at the base and the shoulders of the two Buddhas and blew them to pieces.
Later in an interview, the Taliban supreme leader Mullah Omar defended his actions by saying:
I did not want to destroy the Bamiyan Buddha. In fact, some foreigners came to me and said they would like to conduct the repair work of the Bamiyan Buddha that had been slightly damaged due to rains. This shocked me. I thought, these callous people have no regard for thousands of living human beings – the Afghans who are dying of hunger, but they are so concerned about non-living objects like the Buddha. This was extremely deplorable. That is why I ordered its destruction. Had they come for humanitarian work, I would have never ordered the Buddha’s destruction.
The only silver lining in the cloud was, that after the destitution, several new caves and wall paintings were discovered, including fragments of a previously unknown 62-foot long reclining Buddha.
Sources: Wikipedia / Khan Academy
Source…. Kaushik in www. amusingplanet.com
Natarajan





