The Amphitheatre of El Jem….

The Amphitheatre of El Jem is located in the town of El Jem or Thysdrus, as it was known in Roman time, in central Tunisia. Modeled after the famous Colosseum of Rome, this impressive monument is one of the most accomplished examples of Roman architecture of an amphitheatre, almost equal to that of the Colosseum itself. It has a seating capacity of 30,000 people, stands 36 meters high, and has a diameter of nearly 150 meters. Only the great Colosseum in Rome and the ruined theatre of Capua are larger.

 

The Amphitheatre of El Jem was built in the early 3rd century under proconsul Gordian, and was mainly used for gladiator shows and small chariot races. In those times, Thysdrus was an important center of olive oil manufacturing which was exported in huge quantities.

amphitheatre-of-el-jem-6

Photo credit: Agnieszka Wolska/Wikimedia

The amphitheatre is free standing, built entirely of sandstone blocks, with no foundations. Its facade comprises three levels of arcades of Corinthian or composite style. The amphitheater is the only one in the world, with the Colosseum of Rome, still have an intact facade with three levels of galleries. Inside, the monument has conserved most of the supporting infrastructure for the tiered seating. The wall of the podium, the arena and the underground passages are practically intact.

Until the 17th century, the amphitheatre remained more or less whole. From then on its stones were used for building the nearby village of El Djem and transported to the Great Mosque in Kairouan. During the struggles between the Ottomans and the Turks in Byzantine period, the amphitheater became a fortress and a place of refuge for the rebels.

The ruins of the amphitheatre were declared a World Heritage Site in 1979. Because of its good acoustics, it hosts the annual Festival international de musique symphonique d’El Jem.

amphitheatre-of-el-jem-7

Photo credit: Cimoi/Wikimedia

amphitheatre-of-el-jem-8\Photo credit: Trsqr/Wikimedia

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Photo credit: Tony Hisgett/Flickr

amphitheatre-of-el-jem-2

Photo credit: Tony Hisgett/Flickr

amphitheatre-of-el-jem-4]

Photo credit: Christopher Rose/Flickr

 

amphitheatre-of-el-jem-5]Photo credit: Amine GHRABI/Flickr

Source….www.amusingplanet.com

Natarajan

 

Message for the Day… “Love knows no fear, it promotes truth, it finds peace, it builds faith, and it promotes concord…”

Sathya Sai Baba

The individual ‘I’ believes it is limited; but that is an illusion. It is the same Universal Spirit, imagining itself to be limited. This awareness can come to you either through a flash of intellectual analysis or a flash of Universal Love. The awareness is an act of identification which requires Love. Love is God; Love is the means and end. That is why there are no atheists for there is no being without love of some kind or other. And love of any kind, of any measure, is but a spark of Divinity. Love knows no fear, it promotes truth, it finds peace, it builds faith, and it promotes concord. To develop love, the easiest, highest and the most fruitful sacrifice is that of the ego. Crucify it and be free. Dedicate it to God, and be rich and happy beyond all your imagination.

” I Love you My Darling daughter….”

This beautiful story is a real eye-opener, one that really touched my heart,  making me aware of the many times, I hate to admit, that I took my own mother for granted when she needed me most. The letter offers a heart-wrenching perspective for when ‘the day’ arrives, detailing the many patient moments that this mother had with her child when she was younger- the repeated stories, the forgotten details, the minor inconveniences. She uses these experiences to help her beloved daughter overlook all the difficulties that her mother now faces in old age, asking her to cherish the time they have together.
Read her beautiful story below and share it with someone you love – we all need a little perspective like this every now and again.  

My Dear Girl

The day you see I’m getting old, I ask you to please be patient, but most of all, try to understand what I’m going through.
If when we talk, I repeat the same thing a thousand times, don’t interrupt to say: ‘You said the same thing a minute ago’… just listen please. Try to remember the times when you were little and I would read the same story night after night until you would fall asleep.
When I don’t want to take a bath, don’t be mad and don’t embarrass me. Remember when I had to run after you making excuses and trying to get you to take a shower when you were just a girl?

mother daughter

When you see how ignorant I am when it comes to new technology, give me the time to learn and don’t look at me that way… remember honey, I patiently taught you how to do many things like eating appropriately, getting dressed, combing your hair and dealing with life’s issues every day.
The day you see me getting old, I ask you to please be patient, but most of all, try to understand what I’m going through.
If I occasionally lose track of what we’re talking about, give me the time to remember, and if I can’t, don’t be nervous, impatient or arrogant. Just know in your heart, the most important thing for me is to be with you.

And when my old, tired legs don’t let me move as quickly as before, give me your hand the same way I offered mine to you when you first walked.
When those days come, don’t feel sad… just be with me, and understand me while I get to the end of my life with love. I’ll cherish and thank you for the gift of time and joy we shared.
With a big smile and the huge love I’ve always had for you, I just want to say…

I Love You My Darling Daughter

SOURCE……………www.ba-bamail.com

Natarajan

Message for the Day…” HE Sees, Hears, and Knows Everything…”

The Lord is attained only through supreme devotion (para-bhakthi).Supreme devotion can be acquired only through spiritual wisdom (jnana).Spiritual wisdom can be cultivated only through faith (sraddha), and faith comes only through love. So how is love to be cultivated? Through two methods: 1. Always consider the faults of others, however big, to be insignificant and negligible. Always consider your own faults, however insignificant and negligible, to be big, and feel sad and repentant. By these means, you avoid developing bigger faults and defects, and acquire the qualities of brotherliness and forbearance. 2. Whatever you do, with yourself or with others, do it remembering that God is omnipresent. He sees, hears and knows everything. Discriminate between the true and the false, and speak only the truth. Discriminate between right and wrong, and do only the right. Endeavour every moment to be aware of the omnipotence of God.

Sathya Sai Baba

” Why Do Many Countries’ Names End in “-stan,” …?

Stan, An, and Ish

Denoting that it is a piece of the earth associated with a particular group of people, the suffix -stan simply means “land of.”

An ancient suffix of Persian origins, for many people, particularly in Central Asia, the addition of –stan to the name of their cultural or ethnic group identifies that a certain place belongs to them, e.g., Kazakhstan is the “land of the Kazakhs.”

-Stan‘s roots go even further back than Persia, however, to the Indo-Iranian element, *stanam, which meant both “place” or even more literally, “where one stands.” This old construction is derived from the even earlier Proto-Indo-European root *sta, which also meant “to stand.”

The use of a suffix to denote “land of” is not unique to -stan, however. In English, we often use –land to identify a nation or place, and familiar words include England, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, and Thailand, as well as Maryland and Newfoundland. Other languages use the convention as well, such as the German Deutschland.

Adding –an at the end of country or place names to identify a person’s heritage or ethnicity also traces its origins back to ancient times, and the Proto-Indo-European root *-no-, which meant “pertaining to.” More recently (but still relatively ancient), in Latin this element gave rise to –anus, as in Rōma ‎(“Rome”) → Rōmānus ‎(“Roman”). Over the years this has in turn morphed into our current ending –an, as in American, Mexican and Romanian. Not exclusive to regional references, we also see this nomenclature in many other words like Christus ‎(“Christ”) → christiānus ‎(“christian”).

In addition, in English, this –an is often modified with the addition of an “i,” such as in the aforementioned Romanian and christian, as well as in things like Brazilian, Canadian and Parisian.
And if you’re wondering, the suffix –ish, as in British, comes from the Proto-Germanic suffix *-iska which meant “of the nativity or country of.” It morphed into the Old English –isc before becoming the modern English, Irish, Spanish, etc.

Source…….www.today i foundout .com

Natarajan

Sai Spiritual Showers…” In weak moments, we must pray to Swami for His benign grace so that we may always feel His Presence within us.”

As I sit alone in a rather pensive mood, attempting a mental resume
of my student life at His Lotus Feet, the thought overawes me that, in
fact, seven precious summers have passed since I entered the portals
of this paradise. It is unbelievable… for was it not only yesterday
that I joined Bhagawan’s college? Verily one forgets to keep track
of time when one is living with Eternity Itself.

The thought gives me joy with a tinge of sorrow, for when I try to
peep into the inner recesses of my heart to find the glow of His Love,
I at once discover that He has been unfailing in His bountiful love
for me. Inspite of knowing that He is the way and the goal for all of
us without Whom our lives would not bear any meaning or taste, we fail
to understand His Love.

On a number of occasions, He has reminded us to realise the DIVINITY
in Him and not to be deluded by external appearances. Through parables
and examples, jokes and stories He has been constantly trying to drive
home that TRUTH in all of us.

One such golden moment came in my life on a bright morning. The Day
was the 7th of November 1984. All of us were eagerly awaiting
Swami’s Darshan. As He came out, He picked up four boys and I was
one of the fortunate four. Swami directed us to go to the anteroom in
the Mandir apparently to clean and tidy up the room.

As I sit alone in a rather pensive mood, attempting a mental resume
of my student life at His Lotus Feet, the thought overawes me that, in
fact, seven precious summers have passed since I entered the portals
of this paradise. It is unbelievable… for was it not only yesterday
that I joined Bhagawan’s college? Verily one forgets to keep track
of time when one is living with Eternity Itself.

The thought gives me joy with a tinge of sorrow, for when I try to
peep into the inner recesses of my heart to find the glow of His Love,
I at once discover that He has been unfailing in His bountiful love
for me. Inspite of knowing that He is the way and the goal for all of
us without Whom our lives would not bear any meaning or taste, we fail
to understand His Love.

On a number of occasions, He has reminded us to realise the DIVINITY
in Him and not to be deluded by external appearances. Through parables
and examples, jokes and stories He has been constantly trying to drive
home that TRUTH in all of us.

One such golden moment came in my life on a bright morning. The Day
was the 7th of November 1984. All of us were eagerly awaiting
Swami’s Darshan. As He came out, He picked up four boys and I was
one of the fortunate four. Swami directed us to go to the anteroom in
the Mandir apparently to clean and tidy up the room.

After going round the devotees and granting them the much-coveted
darshan, Swami came straight into the room, where we were engaged in
cleaning the place. We all stood in front of Him with folded hands.
Swami in His characteristic and Divine way proceeded to grant us one
of the rarest moments of our lives.

Swami pointed to a deerskin which was rolled and kept on a rack, and
addressed one of the boys, “Take this deer skin to the Himalayas and
do Tapasya there?†For a moment the boy was nonplussed. “Did He
really mean it? Is Swami telling seriously or is it meant to be a
pleasant joke?†There was silence for a few seconds, while Swami
waited for an answer from us. Swami looked at me and asked, “Is it
good to do Tapasya in the Himalayas?†I promptly said, “Yes
Swami.†But this answer did not satisfy Him. He Himself said, “Do
you not realise that the RESULT of all Tapasya is Here?†and pointed
at Himself.

He thus gave us a glimpse of His Divinity and showed that there is no
need to do Tapasya in the Himalayas when the object of all such
endeavours was right in front of us in flesh and blood. He continued,
“Whenever I give darshan to those who are engaged in penance in the
Himalayas, even for a few seconds, they feel extremely blissful for
having attained that Vision Of God. And they regard it as a great
experience. But you all are having My darshan every morning and
evening, yet, you never realise the value of it.

He gave further a beautiful illustration. “Whenever people desire
to see an elephant they go to the forest. And by chance, if they see
even the tail of an elephant whose body might have been hidden among
the bushes and shrubs, they feel immense joy at having seen an
elephant. In your case, there is an elephant (Sai Geeta) in front of
your hostel. But you do not pine to see her, because she is a familiar
sight.â€

We must realise the value of His Divine Darshan from these examples.
Since we are blessed with the opportunity to be near Him, we should
make the best use of each and every moment of our life here.
Sometimes, we may be confused by delusion and despair. In those weak
moments, we must pray to Swami for His benign grace so that we may
always feel His Presence within us.

Source……..Sai Spiritual Showers….www.sssbpt.org

Natarajan

 

No Electricity? No Teachers? No Problem. Students in India’s Slums Are Learning from the Internet…!!!

An interesting technology is bridging the education gap in urban slums and in rural India. Through computer tablets and ClassCloud technology, children are getting access to quality education even in locations where electricity and network connectivity are an issue. Learn more about it here.

Schools in Malwani, a slum in the suburbs of Mumbai, faced the usual struggles like lack of facilities and low interest in education among the children. In addition, the schools faced difficulties in retaining teachers, who would often teach just for a few months and then quit abruptly.

In a poor teaching environment like this, where regular electricity itself is a challenge, introducing a new digital innovation sounds like a far-fetched idea.

But one intervention is changing the face of schools in slums and rural schools in India. Introducing Zaya Learning Lab, a social enterprise that is bridging the education gap by bringing world class learning resources to marginalized communities.

Founded by Neil D’souza and Soma Vajpayee in 2013, Zaya already serves over 50 schools and 20,000 children.

ClassCloud technologies gives teachers and students better tools for teaching and learning.

ClassCloud technologies give teachers and students better tools for teaching and learning.

Before starting Zaya, Neil took a few years off from his work helping orphanages in Mongolia, where he had discovered a huge gap in the education system. He knew there was quality digital content online but not everyone could access it. He set out to design an intervention that could bridge this gap. He met Soma, an ex-banker, who was also extremely passionate about using technology in the classroom. Together, they founded Zaya Learning Labs.

“I visited a lot of offline schools and saw a real need for connectivity. A lot of great educational content exists online but these kids did not have access to it due to lack of internet, intermittent electricity, unmotivated instructors, or some combination thereof. We came up with an idea that would help overcome the infrastructural issues in these schools,” says Neil.

They designed the ClassCloud, which gives teachers and students better tools for teaching and learning. A ClassCloud is a small, battery-powered device that creates a powerful local hotspot in offline learning centres or schools.

Specific content is pre-loaded on the Zaya Micro Cloud, which runs on battery for about 10 hours and does not require electricity.

The Micro Cloud is like a wifi router that can be carried anywhere. It is supported by low cost hand-held tablets, on which students can access content. About 60 students can connect to the wifi device at a time.

Zaya

Zaya is providing technology-driven learning for Rs.50 per child per month

The content uploaded on the Cloud is as per the prescribed syllabus by the state. The students’ time is split between three distinct forms of learning in the class. After the regular instruction and lesson by the teacher, each student is given a tablet to understand and learn the lesson at his/her own pace.

The lessons are designed as per the needs of individual students and also focus on their personal interests. This is followed by a small test at the end of the class to get a clear understanding of the learning level of each student. When the students take the assessment tests, student-level and class-level reports are generated for teachers and parents.

Not every student in the class has the same learning level. Some might pick up things fast and some may not. Also, every student has different interests. We have tried to personalize the learning experience for every kid,” says Neil.

Each student is asked to create a profile on the Cloud and personalized lessons are loaded on the tablet once he/she logs in.

Lessons are personalized according to a student's needs.

Lessons are personalized according to a student’s needs.

The lessons are engaging and interactive and are delivered in an entertaining way. Students get an opportunity to watch videos, play games and take quizzes on their tablets. And since these tablets do not require electricity or Internet connection, the model can work even in those schools that do not have a good power supply.

The Zaya team also found that the State Board syllabus was well beyond the capability of many of these students and the lessons, both in class and on the platform, were too advanced for them. The team decided to take remedial measures to help the classes catch up to their grade levels.

The students were given lessons on the Zaya platform but using content from other content partners. Students were given individualized playlists, starting from the most basic skills, allowing them to learn at their own pace and focus on their own needs. Using this method, even for only an hour a week in most cases, the students were able to make noticeable and significant progress towards reaching their grade levels. The students’ progress, though modest, represents an enormous step in the right direction and was achieved in only a few months of using the platform,” says Neil.

Thanks to Zaya’s interventions, the schools have seen a remarkable improvement in the learning levels of the students.

The content is prepared as per the state board syllabus.

“Zaya conducts a BOY (Beginning of the Year) and EOY (End of the Year) test. BOY is a test taken before implementing Zaya. This helps us understand the current learning level of the students. Then we implement Zaya and conduct an EOY to understand how much Zaya has helped students learn. From these tests we have seen an increase in learning outcomes. The children’s core concepts have also been strengthened. Also, analytics on Zaya’s platform help teachers identify students who have not fully understood concepts or chapters; teachers can then focus on those students,” adds Neil.

The ClassCloud, which costs around Rs. 5,000, is purchased by the school. Zaya then charges Rs. 50 per child per month from the school for their services and devices.

We only reach out to those schools that are genuinely interested in the technology. It is small victories that matter to us. For example, one of our students in Rajajinagar came 2nd in class after learning on the Zaya platform (he was 17th when the school year began),” says Neil.

This interesting technology, which is of benefit to both students and teachers, deserves to be used more widely, especially in schools that do not have a good power supply. It will help schools that have not yet been able to harness the power of technology experience a whole new world.

Source…..Shreya Pareek in http://www.the betterindia .com

Natarajan

அமெரிக்கர் வியந்த தொழில்நுட்பம் – ‘சென்னானேரி’….

குழந்தைகளை நேசிப்பதுபோல ஏரி, குளங்களை நேசித்தவர்கள் நம் முன்னோர்கள். தாங்கள் வெட்டிய ஏரிகளுக்கும், குளங்களுக்கும் பிடித்தமான பெயர்களைச் சூட்டி மகிழ்ந்தனர். மலர்கள் சூழ்ந்த குளங்களை பூங்குளம், அல்லிக்குளம், ஆம்பக்குளம், குறிஞ்சிக்குளம் என்றும், மரங்கள் சூழ்ந்த குளங்களை மாங்குளம், இலுப்பைக் குளம், பலாக்குளம், விளாங்குளம், வாகைக்குளம் என்றும் அழைத்தனர். தெய்வத்தின் பெயர்களிலும் குளங்கள் அழைக்கப்பட்டன.

நீர்நிலைகள் மீது அக்கறையோடு மிகுந்த நேசமும் வைத்திருந்ததால்தான், அதை வெறும் குளம், குட்டை என்று அழைக்காமல் பாசத்தோடு பெயர் வைத்து அழைத்தனர். ஆனால், நவீன தொழில்நுட்பங்களில் முன்னேறிவிட்ட நாம், நமக்கு நினைவு தெரிந்து கடந்த 50 ஆண்டுகளில் ஒற்றைக் குளத்தை யாவது உருவாக்கி பெயர் சூட்டி யிருப்போமா?

ஆற்றின் கால்வாய்கள், வெள்ள நீர் வடிகால்களை எப்படி எல்லாம் சீரழித்தோம் என்று நேற்று பார்த்தோம். ஆயிரக்கணக்கான ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பே உருவாக்கப்பட்ட அந்த வடிகால் கள். அரிகேசரி ஆறு, வல்லபப் பேராறு, நாட்டாறு, பராக்கிரமப் பேராறு இவை எல்லாம் வைகை ஆற்றுக் கல்வெட்டுகளில் கண்டெடுக்கப்பட்ட பெயர்கள். ஆனால், இவை ஆறுகளின் பெயர்கள் அல்ல. வைகையில் இருந்து ஏரிகளுக்கு தண்ணீர் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் கால்வாய்களின் பெயர்கள். கால்வாய்களே ஆறுபோல பெரிய அளவில் வெட்டப்பட்டன என்பதை கல்வெட்டுக் குறிப்புகள் உணர்த்து கின்றன.

இவ்வாறாக மொத்தம் 3 வகை கால்வாய்கள் அமைக்கப்பட்டன. முதலாவது, வரத்துக் கால்வாய் (Supply Channel). இவற்றில் வரத்துக் கால்வாய்களின் தொழில்நுட்பம் அபாரமானது. ஆறுகளில் குறிப்பிட்ட வளைவுகளில் மட்டுமே வரத்துக் கால்வாய்களின் தலைப்பகுதி வெட்டப் பட்டன. அப்படி வெட்டும்போது ஆற்றில் இருந்து தண்ணீர் மட்டுமே கால்வாய்க்குள் செல்லும். மணல் புகாமல் தடுக்கப்பட்டது. தவிர, ஆற்றில் நீர்வரத்து குறையும் காலத்தில்கூட தடையின்றி கால்வாய்க்குள் தண்ணீர் சென்றது. இதற்கு இன்றும் உதாரணமாக இருக்கிறது வைகை ஆற்றில் இருந்து வட ஏரிக்கு தண்ணீர் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் கால்வாய்.

இரண்டாவது, மறுகால் அல்லது வெள்ள வடிகால் (Surplus Channel). வெள்ளக் காலங்களில் ஏரிகளின் உபரி நீரை கலிங்கல் வழியாக வெளியேற்றும் கால்வாய்தான் மறுகால்வாய். இவற்றின் கொள்ளளவும் ஏரியின் நீர்வரத்துக் கால்வாயின் கொள்ளளவும் சமமாக இருக்கும். நீர்வரத்தும் நீர் வெளியேற்றமும் சரிசமமாக அமைந்து வெள்ளப் பெருக்கை தடுக்க உதவிய தொழில்நுட்பம் இது.

மூன்றாவது, பாசனக் கால் அல்லது கழனிக்கால் (Distribution Channel). ஏரி மடையின் வெளிப்புறத்தில் அமைக்கப் பட்ட இந்த கால்வாய்கள் மூலம் பாசன நிலங்களுக்கு தண்ணீர் பிரித்து விநியோகிக்கப்பட்டது. நிலங்களின் அளவுக்கு ஏற்ப அமைக்கப்பட்ட இந்த கால்வாய்கள் கண்ணாறு, வதி, பிலாறு என்றெல்லாம் அழைக்கப்பட்டன. இவற்றின் தொழில்நுட்பத்தைக் கண்டு இன்றைய நவீன நீரியல் நிபுணர்களே வியக்கின்றனர்.

நெல் பயிரிடுவதற்கு மிருதுவான நிலம் தேவை. அதற்காக நிலத்தை மிருதுவாக்கவும், சமப்படுத்தவும் அதிக அளவில் நீர் தேக்கப்பட்டது. சில நாட்களுக்குப்பிறகு, அதை உழுது நீரை வடித்து விட்டு, நெற்பயிரை நடுவார்கள். இப்படி வடிக்கும்போது கிடைக்கும் உபரி நீரையும், கூடுதலாக கிடைக்கும் மழைநீரையும் வடிகால் வாய்க்கால் களில் சேகரித்து, அடுத்தடுத்த வயல் களுக்கு விடுவார்கள். இது மிகச் சிறந்த நீர் சிக்கன மேலாண்மை. இதற்கேற்ற மிக நுட்பமான நில மட்ட அளவுகளில் பாசனக் கால்வாய்கள் அமைக்கப்பட்டன.

இதற்கு உதாரணமாக திகழ்ந்தது சென்னானேரி. இது திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டத்தில் பணகுடி – கள்ளப்பனை கிராமங்களுக்கு இடையே இருக்கிறது. ஓய்வுபெற்ற பொதுப்பணித் துறை பொறியியல் அறிஞர்கள் ச.மா.ரத்னவேல், கள்ளபிரான் ஆகியோர் இந்த ஏரியை நேரில் ஆய்வு செய்து, இதன் தொழில்நுட்பம் பற்றி ஏராளமான குறிப்புகளை எழுதியுள்ளனர்.

ஏரியின் பாசனப் பரப்புகள் மேற்கில் இருந்து கிழக்காக மிதமான சரிவுடனும், தெற்கில் இருந்து வடக்காக கூடுதல் சரிவுடனும் உள்ளன. கால்வாய்கள் வழியாக பாசன நிலங்களுக்கு தண்ணீர் விடப்பட்டபோது தண்ணீர் வேகமாக பாய்ந்து, வளமான மேல் பகுதி வண்டலை அரித்துச் செல்லாதபடி விடப் பட்டன. தெற்குப் பகுதியின் பிரதான கால்வாயில் இருந்து தண்ணீர் வயலுக்குச் செல்கிறது. வடக்குப் பகுதி யின் வாய்க்கால் உபரிநீரை வடிக்கிறது. இன்றைய நவீன பொறியாளர்களின் கற்பனைக்கு எட்டாத தொழில்நுட்பம் இது.

அமெரிக்க பொறியியல் வல்லுநர் கில்பர்ட் லாவேன் (Gilbert Lavine) தனது ‘Irrigation and Agricultural Development of Asia’ நூலில் மேற் கண்ட தொழில்நுட்பத்தை எப்படி சிலாகிக்கிறார் தெரியுமா?

‘‘மிதமான சாய்வு தளமாக உள்ள நிலப்பரப்பில் மேல் வரிசைப் பயிர்களுக்கு குறிப்பிட்ட அளவுக்கு முதலில் நீர் பாய்ச்சப்படுகிறது. பிறகு சுழற்சி முறையில், அடுத்த வரிசை களில் அமைந்த பாத்திகளுக்கு படிப் படியாக நீர் அளவைக் குறைத்து பாய்ச்சப்படுகிறது. மேல் பாத்திகளுக்கு ஊற்றப்படும் நீர், கீழ் பாத்திகளுக்கும் வழிந்தோ, கசிந்தோ வரும் என்பதால் நீர் அளவு குறைக்கப்படுகிறது. இதனால் எல்லா அடுக்குகளிலும் உள்ள பயிர்களுக்கும் போதுமான தண்ணீர் கிடைக்கிறது. எல்லா பாத்திகளுக்கும் சம அளவில் தண்ணீர் பாய்ச்சாமல் தண்ணீரை சிக்கனமாகவும் பயனுள்ள வகையிலும் பயன்படுத்த முடிகிறது. மிகவும் சிக்கனமான, பயனுள்ள இந்த நீர் மேலாண்மை வளரும் நாடுகளில்கூட புழக்கத்தில் இல்லை!’’ என்கிறார் அவர்.

ஒரு அமெரிக்கப் பொறியாளருக்கு தெரிந்த அருமை நமக்குத் தெரியாமல் போனதுதான் வேதனை.

இவ்வளவு சிறப்பு வாய்ந்த சென்னானேரியை பார்க்க பணகுடி கிராமத்துக்கு சென்றோம். ஏரியின் பெயரைச் சொல்லிக் கேட்டால் ஊரில் யாருக்கும் தெரியவில்லை. அப்படி ஒரு ஏரியே இல்லை என்றார்கள்.

கடைசியில், ஜெபக்குமார் என்ற பள்ளித் தலைமை ஆசிரியர், ‘‘சென்னா னேரி என்ற பெயரை எல்லாம் மக்கள் மறந்து பல ஆண்டுகள் ஆகிறது. பராமரிப்பும் இல்லாமல் பாழாகிக் கிடக்கிறது ஏரி’’ என்றார். நம்மை ஏரிக்கு அழைத்துச் சென்று காட்டினார்.

கடல்போல பரந்திருந்தது ஏரி. இப்போது பெய்த மழையில் ஏரி நிரம்பி இருந்தாலும் உள்ளே சீமைக் கருவேல மரங்கள் ஆக்கிரமித்திருந்தன.

வெளிநாட்டு பொறியாளர்களையும் வியக்கவைத்த தொழில்நுட்பக் கால்வாய்கள் மண்மூடிப் போய் அனாதையாய்க் கிடந்தன. மதகுகளும் பராமரிப்பின்றிக் கிடந்தன.

‘‘ஏரி முழுக்க தண்ணியிருந்தும், என்ன பிரயோசனம்.. பெருசா பாசனம் ஒண்ணும் இல்லீங்க’’ என்று அங்க லாய்த்தார் அங்கு வந்த உள்ளூர்க்காரர்.

எப்படி இருக்கும் பாசனம்? நாம்தான் கண் இருந்தும், பார்வையற்றவர்களாக அல்லவா இருக்கிறோம்!

Source….டி.எல்.சஞ்சீவிகுமார்….www.tamil.thehindu.com

Natarajan

The Pillow Lavas of Oman Ophiolite….

You don’t have to be a geologist to appreciate these marvelous rock formation known as Pillow Lavas found in the Hajar Mountains of Oman. Pillow lavas form when hot lava flows into water and cools rapidly forming a skin over the still molten rock. Underneath the skin, lava continues to flow forming a lobe, until the pressure of the magma becomes sufficient to rupture the skin and start the formation of a new lobe. This process produces a series of interconnecting pillow-shaped mounds of rock that look like toothpaste squeezed from a tube. Pillow lavas are found not only in the ocean but also under glaciers that overlie volcanoes. The presence of pillow lavas indicate that the area was once under water.

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Photo credit: www.travelinggeologist.com

In the Hajar Mountains of Oman, pillow lavas occur in what geologists call the Semail Ophiolite — a large slab of the oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that was uplifted and exposed above the sea level. Covering an area of approximately 100,000 square km, it is the largest and best exposed of its kind in the world.

The pillow lavas are exposed in the cliffs along the south side of the valley. These formation became famous when they graced the cover of Geotimes magazine back in 1975, and since then have been referred to as the “Geotimes” lava or “Geotimes” pillow lavas. Locally, they are known as Wadi Jizzi.

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Photo credit: www.omanflorafauna.com

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Photo credit: The William & Mary Blogs

Sources: The William & Mary Blogs / Wikipedia

Source….www.amusingplanet.com

Natarajan

Message for the Day…” God is Everywhere and is all Powerful …”

Sathya Sai Baba

I have often said, “My Life is My Message”. Avatars make such a proclamation only to demonstrate their Divinity. They are children among children, men among men, and women among women, so that they may respond to everyone’s joy and sorrow, console them and infuse confidence and courage into their drooping hearts. Avatars appear among humans since birds, beasts, trees, etc. have not slid into unnatural ways. It is only human beings pursuing the mirage of worldly happiness and sensual pleasure, who have forgotten the task for which they came to earth. God assumes human form only to restore Dharma and lead you back into the path of virtue and wisdom! Hence God is pleased with the rigorous adherence to Dharma. Practice righteousness, it will fill every moment of your life with bliss and the joy of self-realisation. God is everywhere. He is all-powerful. He sees everything. He resides in every heart and listens to every agony and prayer. Have faith in God.