சிங்கப்பூரின் பொன்விழா….

சிங்கப்பூர் நிகழ்த்திவரும் சாதனைகளும் அதன்முன் உள்ள சவால்களும்.

சிங்கப்பூர் தனி நாடானது ஆகஸ்ட் 9, 1965. ஆனால், யாரும் ஆடவில்லை பள்ளுப் பாடவில்லை. ஆனந்த சுதந்திரம் அடைந்துவிட்டோமென்று கொண்டாடவும் இல்லை. அடுத்த 25 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு சிங்கப்பூரின் பிரதமராக இருக்கப்போகும் லீ குவான் யூ மிகுந்த கலக்கத்திலிருந்தார். இந்த நகரை எப்படி ஒரு தனிநாடாக மாற்றப்போகிறோம் என்று மலைத்துப்போயிருந்தார். மழை நசநசத்துக்கொண்டிருந்தது. எங்கும் புழுக்கம். தனது உணர்ச்சிகளைக் கட்டுப்படுத்த முடியாமல் செய்தியாளர் சந்திப்பை 20 நிமிடங்கள் தள்ளி வைத்தார். சிங்கப்பூர் மலேசியாவுடன் இணைந்திருப்பதையே லீ விரும்பினார். ஆனால், மலேசியா விரும்பவில்லை. அது சிங்கப்பூரை வெளியேற்றியது.

ஓர் இந்தோனேசியத் தலைவர் காழ்ப்போடு குறிப்பிட்டார்: ‘உலக வரைபடத்தில் சிங்கப்பூர் ஒரு சிவப்புப் புள்ளி’ என்று! பரப்பளவு வெறும் 718 ச.கி.மீ. சிங்கப்பூரில் இயற்கை வளங்கள் குறைவு. தண்ணீரே மலேசியாவிலிருந்துதான் வர வேண்டும். அன்று தொழிலும் வணிகமும் சொல்லிக்கொள்ளும்படி இல்லை. மொழியால், இனத்தால், பண்பாட்டால், வேறுபட்ட சீனர்களையும் மலேசியர்களையும் இந்தியர்களையும் உள்ளடக்கிய நாடு. இனக் கலவரம் தொட்டால் பற்றிக்கொள்ளும் நிலையிலிருந்தது. அண்டை நாடுகளான மலேசியாவுடனும் இந்தோனேசியாவுடனும் நல்லுறவு இல்லை. லீ-யின் கவலையில் நியாயமிருந்தது.

ஆடுவோமே பள்ளுப்பாடுவோமே

50 ஆண்டுகள் கழிந்துவிட்டன. இப்போது தேசிய தினத்தின் பொன்விழா கோலாகலமாக நடக்கிறது. வாண வேடிக்கை, கண்காட்சிகள், இசை நிகழ்ச்சிகள்… அரசு ஊழியர்களுக்கு போனஸ், பள்ளிப் பிள்ளைகளுக்கு லீகோ விளையாட்டுப் பெட்டி, ஒவ்வொரு வீட்டுக்கும் நினைவுப் பரிசு. நான்கு நாள் கொண்டாட்டங்களை அறிவித்திருக்கிறார் லீ குவான் யூ-வின் மகனும் இப்போதைய பிரதமருமான லீ சியன் லூங்.

இந்தக் கொண்டாட்டங்களுக்குக் காரணம் இருக்கிறது. இன்று சிங்கப்பூர் உலகின் செல்வந்த நாடுகளின் பட்டியலில் அமெரிக்கா, சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, ஆஸ்திரேலியா போன்ற நாடுகளைப் பின்னுக்குத் தள்ளிவிட்டு, மூன்றாவது இடத்தில் இருக்கிறது. பொதுத் துறைகள் திறமையானவை. வரிகள் குறைவானவை. சேவைகள் தரமானவை.

சிங்கப்பூரும் ஹாங்காங்கும்

ஆய்வாளர்கள் ஹாங்காங்கையும் சிங்கப்பூரையும் எப்போதும் ஒப்பிடுவார்கள். இரண்டு இடங்களிலும் உள்ள துறைமுகங்களும், விமான நிலையங்களும், உள்கட்டமைப்பும் உலகத் தரமானவை. குற்றச் செயல்கள் குறைவானவை. ஊழலற்ற ஆட்சி நடக்கிறது. அதனால், முதலீட்டாளர்கள் படையெடுக்கிறார்கள். ஆனால், சில முக்கியமான புள்ளிகளில் சிங்கப்பூர் வேறுபடுகிறது. ஹாங்காங், மக்கள் சீனக் குடியரசின் கீழ் தன்னாட்சி அதிகாரத்துடன் இயங்குகிறது; பாதுகாப்புக்காக ஒரு சதவீதம்கூடச் செலவழிப்பதில்லை. ஆனால், சிங்கப்பூர் தனது உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தியில் ஐந்து சதவீதத்துக்கும் மேல் பாதுகாப்புக்காக ஒதுக்குகிறது. 18 வயது நிரம்பிய நிரந்தரக் குடியுரிமை பெற்ற ஆண்கள் அனைவரும் இரண்டு வருட ராணுவப் பயிற்சி பெற வேண்டும். இன்னொரு முக்கிய வேறுபாடு ஹாங்காங் ஜனநாயகத்தில் எதிர்க் குரலுக்கு இடமுண்டு. சிங்கப்பூரில் அது கட்டுப்பாடுகளுக்கு உட்பட்டது.

சிங்கப்பூரின் வெற்றிக்குப் பின்னால் உள்ள காரணிகளில் மூன்றை இங்கே குறிப்பிடலாம். முதலாவதாக வீட்டுவசதி. சிங்கப்பூரில் சேரிகள் இல்லை. 1974-ல் 40% மக்களுக்குச் சொந்த வீடு இருந்தது. இப்போது 80% ஆக உயர்ந்திருக்கிறது. இதற்குக் காரணம் வைப்பு நிதி. நிரந்தரக் குடியுரிமை பெற்ற ஊழியர்கள் தமது ஊதியத்தில் 20%-ஐ வைப்பு நிதியில் செலுத்த வேண்டும். முதலாளிகள் 17% செலுத்துவார்கள். இதை வீடு வாங்கப் பயன்படுத்தலாம். குடியுரிமை உள்ள அனைவரும் வீடு வாங்கிவிடுவது அதனால்தான்.

இரண்டாவதாக, பல் இன மக்களிடையே நிலவும் இணக்கத்தைச் சொல்லலாம். பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் சொந்தக் கூரையின் கீழ் வசிக்கிறார்கள். வேலையில்லாதவர்கள் 2%-க்கும் குறைவு. அடிப்படைத் தேவைகள் நிறைவேறிவிடுவதால் பூசல்கள் இல்லை. 2013 மக்கள்தொகைக் கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி சீனர்கள் 74%, மலேசியர் 13%, இந்தியர்கள் 9%. இந்தியர்களில் 58% தமிழர்கள். மெட்ரோ ரயிலில் ஆங்கிலமும் சீனமும் மலாயும் கேட்கலாம். கூடவே, தேமதுரத் தமிழோசையையும் கேட்கலாம். நான்கும் ஆட்சி மொழிகள். தாய்மொழிக் கல்வி கட்டாயம். தமிழ்ப் பாடநூல்கள் தரமானவை.

சிங்கப்பூர் வெற்றிக்கு இன்னொரு காரணி, வெளியுறவுக் கொள்கை. 1967-ல் துவங்கப்பட்ட தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடுகளின் ஒருங்கிணைப்பான ஆசியானில் சிங்கப்பூர் முன்கை எடுத்துச் செயலாற்றிவருகிறது. இது பிராந்திய ஒத்துழைப்புக்கு உதவுகிறது. இன்று மலேசியாவுடனும் இந்தோனேசியாவுடனும் உறவு சுமுகமாக இருக்கிறது.

சிங்கப்பூரின் சவால்கள்

இந்த இடத்தில் சிங்கப்பூர் எதிர்நோக்கும் சவால்களைப் பற்றியும் பேச வேண்டும். கடந்த 50 ஆண்டுகளாக லீ குவான் யூ-வின் மக்கள் செயல் கட்சிதான் பெருவாரியான வாக்குகளைப் பெற்றுவருகிறது. தூய்மையான, திறமையான ஆட்சி என்பது முக்கியமான காரணம். எதிர்க் கட்சிகள் பலவீனமானவை என்பதும் ஒரு காரணம். கடுமையான தேர்தல் விதிகளும், கட்டுப்பாடுகளுடன் கூடிய பேச்சுச் சுதந்திரமும் நிலவுவதால் எதிர்க் கட்சிகளால் ஒரு சக்தியாக உருவாக முடியவில்லை. 2011 தேர்தல் இதில் சிறிய மாற்றத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியது. இந்தத் தேர்தலிலும் ஆளுங்கட்சி 93% இடங்களைப் பிடித்தது. ஆனால் 60% வாக்குகளையே பெற்றது. கடந்த 50 ஆண்டுகளில் இது மிகக் குறைவானது.

அரசியல் நோக்கர்கள் இந்தப் பின்னடைவுக்குச் சொல்லும் காரணங்களில் பிரதானமானதாகச் சொல்வதைக் கேட்டால், அது விநோதமாகத் தோன்றலாம் – சிங்கப்பூரின் தரமான கல்வி. உலகத் தரமான பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் நவீன கல்வி கற்ற இளைஞர்களுக்கு அரசின் கடுமையான சட்ட திட்டங்கள் உவப்பாக இல்லை; கூடுதல் சுதந்திரத்தை அவர்கள் எதிர்பார்க்கிறார்கள் என்கிறார்கள். சிங்கப்பூர் அரசு இதை உணர்ந்திருப்பதாகவே தோன்றுகிறது. மாற்றங்களுக்கு அது எப்போதும் தயாராகவே இருந்திருக்கிறது.

கடந்த மார்ச் மாதம் தனது 91-வது வயதில் லீ குவான் யூ காலமானார். மக்கள் மணிக்கணக்கில் வரிசையில் நின்று மரியாதை செலுத்தினார்கள். அவரது மரணம் ஒரு வகையில் சிங்கப்பூர் மக்களிடையே உள்ள இணைப்பை வலுவாக்கியிருக்கிறது என்றார்கள். நாளைய பொன்விழாக் கொண்டாட்டங்கள் அதை மேலும் உறுதிப்படுத்தும்.

– மு. இராமனாதன், ஹாங்காங்கின் பதிவுபெற்ற பொறியாளர், தொடர்புக்கு: mu.ramanathan@gmail.com

ஆகஸ்ட் 9, 2015 சிங்கப்பூரின் 50-வது தேசிய தினம்

Source….www. tamil.thehindu.com

Natarajan

Dhanushkodi….A Ghost Town Hopes to Come Alive…

50 years after a cyclone wiped it out, Dhanushkodi is slowly finding its feet. A tourist attraction precisely for its desolateness, road connectivity could soon transform it. Saisuresh Sivaswamy, who spent a few hours there, comes back enchanted. Photographs: Saisuresh Sivaswamy

As the doughty, packed to the gills Mahindra 4WD vehicle bounces along the tracks left by others of its ilk, along the undulating sand dunes leading up to the seaside, you strain your eyes to see the desolate yet mesmerising sights outside.

It is just sand dunes, as far as the eye can see, in various shapes and grey shades. But on the horizon is a sliver of silver that expands as you weave across towards it, into the glorious sea that is at times green as emerald and suddenly azure as a clear summer sky.

The sand and the sea. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

Just as the waters of Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal merge here in many hues, Dhanushkodi is where legend, faith and macabre recent history mingle to form a skein of emotions as you gaze across the severe, sere, landscape.

Legend has it that Ram crossed over to Lanka to rescue his wife Sita from Ravan’s clutches from here. This is where he built the Ram Setu, with floating rocks (one of them is under lock and key in a temple in the ghost town), to cross over to Thalaimannar, a few kilometres across the Palk Straits.

Legend further tells that on his successful return he destroyed the bridge with the tip of his arrow on the request of the new king of Lanka, Vibhishan, thus immortalising the town’s name (dhanush + kodi meaning end of a bow).

Political parties may squabble over the legend’s veracity but for the local folk this is all part of history, just as there are spots associated with Ram and his life in distant Ayodhya. On the way from Rameswaram to Dhanushkodi is the Kodhandaramar temple, where Vibhishan is said to have surrendered to Ram and anointed king of Lanka.

The association with Ram, and the proximity to Rameswaram, where the ancient warrior-king is said to have prayed to Lord Siva before embarking on his journey to Lanka, vest the town with divinity.

For most devotees who visit the eponymous Siva temple in the temple town, a visit to Dhanushkodi, around 25 kilometres away, is a must, a bath in the ocean not advised owing to the treacherous waters but still indulged in.

Lore has it too that a pilgrimage to Kasi/Varanasi/Benaras is incomplete without praying at Rameswaram.

The church destroyed in the cyclone 50 years ago. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

But growing up in Tamil Nadu in the 1970s-’80s it is not distant happenings or the power of faith that you remember the town for but a horrid December night from 50 years ago.

When a furious cyclone swept the then bustling town, people, buildings, everything into the all-devouring oceanic maws, the metres-high tidal waves even swallowing up a whole train with all 115 on board.

It was something that stays seared into your memory the way only a nightmare can.

What about the people on the train? What were their last thoughts as their carriages were yanked into the sea by forces beyond comprehension?

What of the townfolk, did anyone survive? What is the place like today?

What’s left of the railway tracks. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

Till the disaster, Dhanushkodi was like any other Indian town. It had a port for traffic to and from Sri Lanka; it had a railway station, a post office, hotels, the usual urban accoutrements you will find in any town of that vintage.

Pamban, the island in Ramnad district which houses Rameswaram and Dhanushkodi, was connected to Mannar in the mainland via a railway line. And regular trains would ply between Madras Egmore and the tip of the island, disgorging and collecting men and materials from the ships from Thalaimannar that would come calling at the port.

Today, all that is left of the town are skeletons of what was, and a splattering of hutments occupied by the fishermen families who continue to live there.

After the December 23-23, 1964, cyclone the town was declared ‘unfit for occupation’ and it doesn’t look like anything has changed on the ground.

The ‘tempos’ that ferry you to and fro Dhanushkodi. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

To get to Dhanushkodi you will have to drive down from Rameswaram, from where a clutch of ‘tempos’, as the ancient Mahindra 4WDs are called, ferry you till land’s end, the south-east corner of Pamban island.

Traffic is regulated, so even if you have a 4WD of your own you will need to register it at the checkpoint at Mukundarayar Chathiram where all tempos, waiting for passengers, are grouped.

Once upon a time there was no regulation and movement was easy. But once Sri Lanka’s Tamil ethnic problem began to intensify, this was where boatloads of Tamil refugees would alight, and as the militancy in the island-nation grew virulent the authorities moved in, clamping down on any illegal entry.

On a clear night, it is said, the lights of Thalaimannar can be seen.

***

The road from Rameswaram goes beyond the barricade at Mukundarayar Chathiram but no vehicles are allowed beyond this point. One can walk all the way on this road, which looks like a good half hour’s trek. There are stalls selling vaazhakkai bajji (coconut fritters), sugarcane juice and such. Fried fish is also sold here, but usually in the evenings, we are told.

This point is, for those who don’t wish to undertake the short but time-consuming drive in decrepit vehicles to land’s end, known poetically as Arichal Munai in Tamil (or, Erosion Point), the walk along the coast will do fine. But if you decide to go all the way, remember, some tempo drivers really pack it in, like ours did, and charge Rs 100 per head, otherwise the norm is Rs 150. They are also open to hiring out their vehicles for smaller groups but on fixed payment, say, around Rs 2000.

If your driver is a voluble man, like ours was, you will get a running commentary of the scenery on the way. ‘There, that was the track there that got blown away.’ ‘Here, you can see the tracks from that night.’ All this is in first person, like he was witness to that traumatic night from 50 years ago.

The mesmerising Arichal Munal or Erosion Point. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

The locale is perfect for film shootings, and as if on cue our man rattles off a list of directors who have shot here, starting from Mani Ratman in Kannathil Mutthamittal and including many others.

Arichal Munai is mesmerising and inviting. There are a few stalls here, selling the usual souvenirs (shells, and more shells, in all shapes and sizes), water, lime juice etc.

The right setting for a chilled beer given that the sun is glaring down at you, you tell yourself, but alas, no luck with the spirits. Although, judging from the odours emanating off a group, where there is a swill, there is a way.

After spending around 30 minutes at the waterfront – really, if you are not swimming, how long can you withstand the afternoon’s scorching sun even if the view is breath-taking?

The tempo trundles to the village some distance away. Which is when the reality of what happened that night 50 years ago hits you.

The church, its roof blown off, silhouette dominant, stands like a silent sentinel over the destroyed homes around, and there’s a small temple next door. A little further is what our driver-guide says was the railway station.

The water tank was next door, what is left of it are the columns, pointing an accusatory finger at the skies.

The water tank near the the railway station. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

There are a few hutments where fisher-folk live, there’s a local school with classes till the eighth standard. Kids try to sell shells to visiting tourists for Rs 10 a pop.

The tourist traffic is constant, through the year except during the rains, and amounts to a few thousands. The numbers are expected to go up exponentially once the sanctioned road from the Mukundarayar Chathiram till Arichal Munai becomes a reality, by next year.

There are earthmovers clearing the way for it, and there’s an air of expectancy among the locals that with connectivity their lives too will improve.

Hotels will come in, so will electricity and regular water supply, schools and hospital… And a ghost town will finally be laid to rest.

Dhanushkodi needs to snap out of it, 50 years is enough time to grieve.

But for now, everyone is grim-faced on gazing at the remainders of what nature’s fury can do, and the return journey is sombre.

Saisuresh Sivaswamy / Rediff.com

Source…..www.rediff.com

Natarajan

 

Rare Animal Species that Live in Only One Place in the World….

Every animal species has a natural habitat that suits the conditions it was specialized to live in. Some particular species are so specialized that their habitats are limited to only one place in the world, making them extremely rare and a precious hyper-endemic species. If you spot one of these species, you must definitely consider yourself lucky, especially since some of them boast the most bizarre characteristics you’ve ever seen or heard of.
1. Thorny Devil Lizard – Australia

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

The thorny devil lizard, Moloch horridus, looks dangerous due to the fearsome spikes on its skin, however in reality it is generally harmless. This species has one odd specialization that enables it to drink water through its skin, not by absorption but rather through capillary action. Therefore, if this animal puts its foot in a water puddle, a network of channels in the scales act as tiny straws and carry the water to its mouth.

Source: Steve Shattuck

2. Wilson’s bird-of-paradise – Indonesia

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

Wilson’s bird of paradise, Cicinnurus respublica, is found on only two tiny islands, Waigeo and Batanta, in the remote collection of islands called Raja Ampat, off West Papua, an Indonesian province of New Guinea. Although it’s hard to find, it’s easy to recognize with its plumage being so vibrant: A turquoise crown, emerald green breast and tail feathers curled round like Captain Hook’s moustache. This animal has a particular way of preparing for a mating display – it creates an arena by obsessively clearing away loose leaves and twigs.

Source: Serhanoksay, Wikimedia Commons

3. Brookesia micra – Madagascar

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

Brookesia micra is the smallest chameleon in the world, measuring only up to 1.2 inches long when fully grown. They are only found on a tiny rock islet called Nosy, off the northern tip of Madagascar, which was only recently discovered. Here, they live in the cracks of the island’s rocky terrain. They have a limited range of movement, which is said to be explained by their extreme dwarfism.

Source: Frank Glaw, PLOS, Wikimedia Commons

4. Texas blind salamander – Texas

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

As the name suggests, Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni, lacks vision because of an unusual absence of eyes. It also hasn’t got any skin pigment, and it’s got frond-like external gills coming out of its neck. Most of the time, you’ll find it roaming in the water-filled caves connected to the Edwards Aquifer in Hays County, Texas, where it lives in absolute darkness. Despite its limited vision, this species makes a very skilled predator of snails and shrimp, which it catches by sensing pressure waves in the water.

Source: Brian Gratwicke, Flickr

5. Papuan jellyfish – Palau

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

In a marine lake found on one of the islands in the Pacific Island chain of Palau, Eil Malk, an overwhelming population of golden jellyfish can be found. These golden jellies, Mastigias papua etpisoni, have been cut off from their oceanic relatives for millions of years, and as a result, lost much of their sting. They have developed a symbiotic relationship with the algae that live in their tissues, giving them their distinctive golden color. In order to live on these algae, the jellyfish have to make a daily migration across the lake, following the arc of the sun.

Source: Brian Gratwicke 

6. Matschie’s tree kangaroo – Papua New Guinea

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

The Matschie’s tree kangaroo, Dendrolagus matshiei, may be spotted munching leaves in the treetops of the cloud forests in Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. This magnificent animal actually spends most of its life doing this. It’s got brown fur and golden paws, belly and tail, and like other kangaroos, a pouch for carrying and nursing its joeys.

Source: Richard Ashurst
7. Golfo Dulce Poison Dart Frog – Costa Rica

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula has to be the most biologically diverse spot in the country, home to nearly half of the country’s flora and fauna. Amongst all the creatures is the striking Golfo Dulce poison dart frog, Phyllobates vittatus, which is distinguished by the unique red stripes along the sides of its body, contrasting strongly against the black color of its back. This frog’s skin holds a powerful neurotoxin that can be seriously poisonous, possibly even causing seizures and paralysis.

Source: Thor Hakonsen

8. Gelada – Ethiopia

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

This particular monkey species, the Gelada, Theropithecus gelada, is endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia, where it can be found sitting in fields chewing on grass. Its baboon-like features and the red bare-skin triangles found on the chests of both males and females give this beautiful species its identity. At night, the Geladas climb cliff faces in search for the right ledges to sleep on.

Source: Christoph Lorse

 

9. Pink Land Iguana – Galapagos Islands

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

One of the rarest species found on the Galapagos Islands is the pink land iguana, Conolophus marthae, which lives in a stretch of 25 square kilometers on top of the Wolf Volcano on Isabela Island. It is said that this species has split from other land iguanas for over 6 million years. Unfortunately, researchers claim that the small numbers of this unique iguana renders them seriously threatened.

Source: Galapagos National Park Directorate

10. Pebble Toad – Venezuela

10 Animals That Live in Only One Place in the World

The highlands of Venezuela, where the flat-topped mountains (tepuis) form isolated islands in the clouds, is home to the tiny, rough-textured Pebble Toad, Oreophrynella nigra. This toad species has one bizarre defense mechanism it uses when being attacked by a predator (such as the tarantula) – it shapes its body into a ball and rolls downhill, bouncing away from danger like a loose stone.

Source: Gérard Vigo, Wikimedia Commons

Source…www.ba-bamail.com

Natarajan

 

Message for the Day…” Be Thankful to God for the Chance given to You to Serve Others…”

Sathya Sai Baba

Every village and town today is sick with animosities and petty quarrels. Even though many attempts have been made during the past years to better the lot of the common people, results have been far below expectations and expense. This is because of the absence of three requisites essential for all advancement: Dhairyam, Utsaham and Aanandam(courage, enthusiasm and joy). Nature has sufficient beauty to instill awe and wonder, to impart courage, to inspire enthusiasm and fill you with joy! It is a type of falsevairagyam (non-attachment) to close one’s eye to all the beauty, plenty, mercy that you receive from Mother Nature, and to run around in sorrow, bewailing your lot. Be thankful to the Lord for the chance given to you to serve others and yourselves, to witness His Glory and Grace, and look upon all as brothers and sisters.The virtues of the people are the treasures of the State; the remembrance of the name of the Lord is the root of all virtues.

 

For this IIT grad, even a newspaper was a luxury….

Super 30 is a free coaching centre in Bihar that selects 30 meritorious, economically-backward students every year and prepares them for the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology.

Founded in 2002 by Anand Kumar, Super 30 has managed to send about 300 students from extremely impoverished backgrounds to the coveted IITs in the last 12 years.

But what happens to these youngsters after they complete their graduation?

In the first of a series, Divya Nair/Rediff.com talks to Shubham Kumar Gautam (pictured below), son of a farmer and a Super 30 student, who feels that if you have the passion and determination to pursue what you want, the sky is the limit.

Shubham Kumar Gautam

Who would have thought that a son of a farmer who grew up without reading a newspaper would study at an Indian Institute of Technology one day and set an inspiring example to several hundred youngsters in his little known hamlet?

Twenty-two-year-old Shubham Kumar Gautam says had it not been for mentors like Anand Kumar of Super 30, he wouldn’t have been able to give his family a better life today.

Here, the young engineer recounts how, in a journey laced with perseverance, grit and determination, he achieved what seemed impossible.

‘I grew up without reading a newspaper’

Shubham Kumar was born and bought up in Kulti, a small village in Nalanda, Bihar.

His father worked as a supervisor with Anaupcharik Shiksha Karmachari Sangha (Bihar State Non-Formal Education Employees Association). His mother is a homemaker.

As part of Govt. reforms, the Anaupcharik Sangha programme was called off and many people, including Shubham’s father, lost their jobs.

“My grandfather had taken a huge loan for my aunt’s (my father’s sister) wedding; he had to sell our ancestral property and the responsibility of paying off the debt fell on my father,” says Shubham, who has a younger sibling.

They were left with a small piece of land and, since his father wasn’t able to find a job, he decided to take up farming.

“Most of the households in our village are poor and resources are limited. We grew up without reading a newspaper, so you can imagine…” his voice trails off.

Fortunately, Shubham, then aged 13, was a good student, a fact that encouraged his uncle Uday Singh to take him under his wings.

His uncle, also a farmer, promised to take care of Shubham’s education and living costs and, in 2005, enrolled him at the Sri Sankar Government High School in his village, Pillich, on the condition that Shubham would continue to excel in his studies.

“Situated 20 kilometres from Kulti, it was a relatively better village and the school was just two kilometres away from my uncle’s place. I would mostly walk to school but if I was late, I would take a lift in a bail gaadi (bullock cart) or cycle,” he recalls.

The school had four classrooms, of which only two were functional. Most kids would bunk school. Even the teachers took little interest. But I really wanted to continue studying, so I formed a group of like-minded students who were keen on completing their education and willing to work hard for it,” says Shubham, about the school from where he completed his Class X.

‘I had no clue about engineering or the IITs’

Shubham Kumar Gautam in his first year

Shubham’s elders and neighbours would often advise him to prepare for the UPSC and bank exams like the other bright students in the village who managed to complete their graduation.

But Shubham wasn’t keen on these options.

“During my Class X, I would visit a store in Pillich to buy second hand books for revision. There, I found books on technology and computers and became interested. Slowly, I started to seek more information about the courses available.”

In Pillich, Shubham also had access to a newspaper where he had read about “Anand Sir and Super 30 and his special programme in Patna”.

“Until then I had no clue about engineering or the IITs,” he confesses.

The more he read about Super 30, he says, the more he was convinced engineering could be the “doorway” to his future.

But he had his fears. “If I did not qualify for the Super 30, I would have to spend extra for private coaching and accommodation, which we could not afford.”

He would worry about the cost of staying in Patna and wonder whether his father could afford it. “But I was clear that I wanted to do something different. I wanted to pursue a career that would bring dignity to my family and make my parents proud,” he says.

In July 2007, after completing his Class X, Shubham’s uncle took him to Patna and enrolled him at the Nalanda College, Biharsharif.

“When I first came to Patna in 2007, I stayed in a lodge and the bed charges were Rs 400 per day, which I shared with another student. I could not sleep that night; I kept thinking how long I could survive in this city.”

His first step was to move to another lodge, where he paid Rs 450 a month to share a room with two other boys.

It took him two months to trace the Ramanujam School of Mathematics, the coaching centre run by Anand Kumar, but getting admission wasn’t easy.

“I was new to Patna and very few people knew the exact address. After a lot of difficulty, I reached the place only to realise that about 1,000 students apply at the Ramanujam School of Mathematics every year. But Anand Sir doesn’t take more than a few hundred students.

“He carefully scrutinises the profile and academic performance of all the applicants and prefers to enrol those with weaker economic backgrounds. Those who are financially well off, he says, can always enrol in a better coaching centre.

“I was told that I could enrol for the Foundation course which would teach me the basics in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. I had to write an entrance test to qualify for the Foundation course too.”

Shubham cleared the entrance test and, in August 2007, joined the two-year programme (even as he continued with his Class XI and XII) to study Mathematics and Physics, the fees for which were waived by Anand Kumar.

I was good at Chemistry, so I did not take any coaching for it,” Shubham says.

After his Class XII board examination, he appeared for the JEE — the IIT entrance exam — in 2009 but failed to qualify by five marks.

“The cut off for the IITs was 178 and I had scored 173. I could have taken admission in lesser known engineering colleges, but my aim was to get into one of the IITs” he says.

Post the results, Shubham had already lost a year, but he wasn’t willing to give up.

He worked harder and appeared for the Super 30 entrance test.

“I didn’t want to go back home empty-handed. I somehow convinced my parents and uncle to give me one more year to prepare and promised that I would pay off all their debts as soon as I completed my engineering.”

‘Joining Super 30 changed my life’

Shubham Kumar, right, with Anand Kumar

In July 2009, Shubham topped the Super 30 entrance exam.

Qualifying for the 10-month programme ensured that his living and tuition costs would be taken care of, which he says was both a “huge relief” and a “life changing moment” for him and his family.

More than the academic mentoring, it was the positive atmosphere and the presence of Anand Kumar that mattered to students like Shubham.

“Anand Sir ensured that we focussed on the exam instead of worrying about our families and finances.”

Shubham cleared the JEE in 2010 and joined IIT-Bhu (Banaras Hindu University) in Varanasi where he pursued electronics engineering.

First encounter@IIT

Back home, Shubham’s parents had mixed reactions about sending him to a new city for four years.

“Although my parents were happy, my mother began to cry thinking that I would be living so far away from them. She packed me a lot of ready-to-eat food just like they do in the movies,” he smiles.

His greatest challenge, he says, was to not give in to peer pressure and hold his dignity.

There were lessons to be learnt and not necessarily at the IIT. It began on his first day at campus.

“My father had come to drop me to the college hostel. It was a few kilometres away and he decided we would walk instead of spending money on a rickshaw. We were walking with my heavy luggage and, as we reached the gate of the college, it started raining heavily.

They took shelter nearby and some other students from the IIT joined them. Because of the wind, mangoes fell from a nearby tree and Shubham’s father immediately nudged him to go and pick some.

“For us, it was nothing new. Even I felt like picking up those mangoes and eating them. But I saw some of the students smiling and looking at us. I did not know how to react and gave up on the idea.”

As soon as they entered the hostel, one of the boys asked Shubham’s father to collect his luggage.

“My father immediately followed his orders and got the luggage inside. I was very angry and scolded my father. I then introduced him to the boy — who later turned out to be a batchmate and a good friend — and he immediately apologised. That was just the beginning of struggles I faced.”

New batchmates and new life

It took Shubham, who came from a small town and had been educated in the Hindi medium, a while to get used to life in the city and to his new batchmates.

“Some of the kids who came from good financial backgrounds would hesitate to start a conversation,” he says.

There were others who had heard about his success at Super 30 and appreciated his hard work.

“I made some good friends,” he smiles.

Expenses mount

“After the results were announced, Anand Sir would take us students to various events where we were felicitated. He would appeal to the audience to donate whatever they could and distribute the money among us for our further education.

“Even chief minister Nitish Kumarji promised Super 30 students a scholarship of Rs 50,000 each. We never got the full amount. We got about Rs 15,000, all of which took care of our first semester fees,” he recalls.

In 2010, Shubham’s father was reinstated as a clerk on a temporary basis in the Jan Kalyan scheme.

Their financial condition improved and Shubham could focus on his studies without worrying excessively his tuition costs.

Help started pouring from other quarters too.

“After seeing my success, my uncles and aunts also helped me financially without expecting anything in return,” he says.

And life takes a U-Turn

At IIT-Bhu, Shubham learnt about taking initiative, team management and improving his networking skills.

I would participate in and also be part of various event organising committees, which helped me improve my communication skills,” Shubham says.

“In those four years, I never went to a movie theatre; in fact, I haven’t been to one till date.”

He would spend his time networking with seniors and juniors and writing poems and short stories in Urdu and Hindi.

After completing his engineering, Shubham was placed as a senior technical manager at HCL Technologies, Noida.

“Today, I have an Android phone and I write programmes for Android,” he says proudly.

“When people ask me, if my dreams have come true, I tell them that, so far, only my necessities have been met. For people like us, who come from poor backgrounds, education is a necessity — the window that enables us to dream.”

A lesson in humility

“There was a time,” says Shubham, “when I was so overcome by my own success that I had begun to bask in my self worth. I believed I was the best in the batch.”

Anand Kumar shattered Shubham’s myth. “He reminded me that everyone was equal and it is important to stay grounded. He taught me not to judge a person by his financial background but by his/her character and values.”

He was, he says, fortunate to have a mentor like Kumar who trained them to prioritise and focus on improving their academic performance day after day.

Shubham tries to visit Kumar every year. He interacts with the Super 30 students, “I share my experiences with them. I hope it inspires them to study hard and work towards a better future.”

SHUBHAM’S LIFE LESSONS

  • Find a passion that you believe in.
  • Never let your constraints come in the way of fulfilling your passion.
  • Prioritise your goals and remind yourself each day that, come what may, you have to get up and chase them.

Photographs: Courtesy Shubham Kumar Gautam

Divya Nair / Rediff.com….Source…www.rediff.com

Natarajan

Why this 50-yr-old makes India proud….?

Read on to learn how Raju Dabhade created history…

Raju Dhabade

Do you know this man?

No? Even I didn’t, till I met him.

Now that I have, I will never forget him.

He is a man who makes India proud.

No, he is not a celebrity or a sportsperson who has won medals for the country.

Fifty-year-old Raju Dabhade is the creator of the game of roll ball that will see its third World Championship in December, 2015, in Pune.

The first Roll Ball World Championship, held in 2011 in Pune, was won by Denmark; India was the first runner up.

The second World Cup, which India won, took place in Kenya in 2013.

“Roll ball is so named because it is a fast-paced game where the players use skates and the ball is always rolling, says Dabhade, who is also the general secretary of the International Roll Ball Federation.

Roll ball is a combination of basketball, handball, throwball and skating that requires balance, speed, accuracy and teamwork.

It is played between two teams; the objective is to score the maximum number of goals within a stipulated time.

So how did someone who, as young a boy, made ends meet doing odd jobs like working in a tea stall and delivering newspapers door-to-door end up inventing an international sport?

We asked Dabhade himself:

Raju Dabhade

How did roll ball begin?

As a Physical Training teacher in Pune’s MES Bal Shiksha English Medium School, I used to train and take players from different games for interschool competitions.

During the matches, I was always curious about the origin of these sports.

So I researched about them in detail — I used books from our school library and the internet.

I found out how different types of sports such as basketball, judo, hockey, football, etc, started, their history, playing techniques and strategies, different types of balls, etc.

Then, I began to wonder if it was possible to create a new game and started working on it.

Once in 2002, while teaching skating to students, a ball from the basketball court came bouncing over and I saw a student on skates bouncing the ball back to the players.

That’s how the idea of roll ball began.

It took one year to finally create the game with proper rules and techniques.

Raju Dabhade at the International Roll Ball Federation in Japan

How did roll ball get international recognition?

I took the idea of roll ball to the school’s then principal, Dr Sunitha Bhagwat.

She was very encouraging and talked to the students’ parents about it. I also contacted people I knew.

In February 2003, the official demonstration of the game was organised before the Sports Authority of India.

They liked it a lot and guided us on how to get the game recognised by the government.

We started working on the procedure and I personally went many times to New Delhi for this purpose.

After roll ball was recognised by the Indian government, we obtained a copyright certificate from the USA in March 2003.

Thereafter, first we contacted people in India and held matches here.

Once roll ball got national recognition, we started contacting the neighbouring countries and so on.

Dr Bhagwat adds: “PT teachers usually fall into a routine and are least motivated about getting involved in activities that are not within that routine or interacting with students. But Raju was different. He was an honest person who was good with people and went out of his way to help others.

“Initially, parents of his students funded expenses like transportation that were required for the game’s development.

“He had no financial or social support and lacked communication skills. Yet still, he never came to me with a problem.

“He would say that this is what he had found and needed to see how it works. Hence, I allowed him to use the school grounds for roll ball practices.

“All the support that he has is due to sheer goodwill.”

Raju Dabhade training students for Roll Ball

Can you tell us about your early days?

We were a financially poor family.

I was 15 when I lost my father. So I started earning early through odd jobs like working in a tea stall and door to door newspaper delivery.

I completed my education through night school and finally found a job as a PT teacher at BSEM school.

It has been 15 years since I stared working here and I am indebted to its people for having believed in me at the first go.

I am grateful to that newspaper delivery job which helped me feed my struggling family.

I now have a newspaper agency where I provide employment to poor boys.

You won the national level skating championship at school. How did that happen?

I wanted to learn skating but did not have enough money as my income went towards supporting my family.

Somehow, I managed to save some money and bought the basic skates with iron wheels.

I polished them well and covered them with rubber.

I learned skating on my own.

Later, a friend gave me a pair of good quality skates and I put my soul in practising with them.

I competed at the national level between 1980 and 1985. Then I got a job and couldn’t continue.

It will be the third world cup for roll ball. The game’s reach is surpassing the resources available to manage it. How has this been handled now and initially?

I am lucky. Behind the immense moral and financial support of the school management, friends and parents of students is perhaps the reputation I have earned over the years.

I was a punctual, fair and dedicated teacher, who was a mentor-cum-friend to students.

Fortunately, I have a very supportive wife.

My family never questions me about my whereabouts.

That is their faith in me, perhaps because I’ve never indulged in any wrong doing.

People like local businessmen and associations have also helped after seeing the matches.

Recently, we put up a sports stall in Russia.

As we couldn’t afford LCDs, I took the television set from my home and attached a pen drive to it.

We continuously played match videos and had many people stop by our stall.

What are your success mantras and advice to young Indians?

Work hard and don’t give up till you succeed.

Keep calm and be positive.

Pursue your passion and own your work.

Do something different and innovative.

Everyone gets the opportunity to succeed. Don’t miss it.

Make your nation proud.

Photographs: Kind courtesy Raju Dabhade

Payal Khare Bhatnagar    source….www.rediff.com

Natarajan

Message for the Day…” 4 Questions that Every Person Should Ask Himself…”

Sathya Sai Baba

There are four key questions that every person must show interest in: “Who am I? Where did I come from? Where am I going? How long will I be here?” All spiritual inquiry begins with these questions. The four Vedas give you the answers! Will you drop a letter into the post box without writing the address of the sender and receiver? If you do, then, the letter will go nowhere and the effort in thinking and writing the letter would be wasted! So too, it would be a phenomenal waste of opportunity to have come into this world, without knowing where we have come from and where we are going. Just as the no-address letter will go to the dead-letters office, the clueless individual soul will be caught in the cycle of birth and death for eternity! To avoid this phenomenon, enquiry about the Self with spiritual discipline is essential and must be prioritized. The answers will automatically come to you, as practical experiences.

 

Two Indians Make it to the FORBES List of Top 20 Billionaires of 2015….

Indians are making their country proud everywhere. While 5 Bollywood actors made it to 35 highest-paid actors list released by Forbes yesterday, 2 Indians have made it to the list of Tech Billionaires of 2015.

Here’s the entire list:

20. Klaus Tschira – Rs. 54,844 Crores

  •     Net worth- $ 8.6 billion
  •     Co-founder of SAP

19. Hiroshi Mikitani – Rs. 55,482 Crores

  •     Net worth – $ 8.7 billion
  •     Chairman & CEO of Japan’s biggest E-retailer, Rakuten

 

18. Eric Schmidt – Rs. 58,026 Crores

  •    Net worth – $ 9.1 billion
  •    Executive chairman Google

 

17. Hasso Plattner – Rs. 58,026 Crores

  •    Net worth – $9.1 billion
  •    Co-founded SAP (Systems, Applications, Products)

 

16. Lei Jun – Rs. 84,179 Crores

  •    Net worth – $13. 2 billion
  •    Founder of Xiaomi

 

15. Shiv Nadar – Rs. 94,372 Crores

  •    Net worth – $14. 8 billion
  •    Co-founder of HCL

shiv-nadar-1

14. Robin Li – Rs. 97,571 Crores

  •    Net worth – $15.3 billion
  •    CEO of China’s largest online search company Baidu

 

13. Ma Huateng a.k.a. Pony Ma – Rs. 102,661 Crores

  • Net worth – $16.1 billion
  • Chinese Internet firm – Tencent

 

12. Paul Allen – Rs. 111,571 Crores

  •    Net worth – $17. 5 billion
  •    Co-founder of Microsoft Corporation

11. Azim Premji – Rs. 121,788 Crores

  • Net worth – $19.1 billion
  • Founder of Wipro

Azim-Premji-1

 

10. Michael Dell – Rs. 122,443 Crores

  • Net worth – $19.2 billion
  • Founder of Dell

 

9. Lauren Powell Jobs – Rs. 124,356 Crores

  • Net worth – $19.5  billion
  • Founder of Emerson Collective

 

8. Steve Ballmer – Rs. 137,126 Crores

  • Net worth – $21.5
  • Owner of Los Angeles Clippers, an American basketball team

7. Jack Ma – Rs. 144,763 Crores

  • Net worth – $22.7 billion
  • Founder of Alibaba Group

 

6. Sergey Brin – Rs. 186,215 Crores

  • Net worth – $29.2 billion
  • Co-founder of Google and runs Google X

 

5. Larry Page – Rs. 189,404 Crores

  • Net worth – $29.7 billion
  • CEO of Google

4. Mark Zuckerberg – Rs. 212,969 Crores

  • Net worth – $33.4 billion
  • Founder & CEO of Facebook

 

3. Jeff Bezos – Rs. 221,896 Crores

  • Net worth – $34. 8 billion
  • CEO of Amazon

 

2. Larry Ellison – Rs. 346,235 Crores

  • Net worth – $54.3 billion
  • Ex-CEO of Oracle Corporation

 

1. Bill Gates – Rs. 459,161 Crores

  • Net worth – $72 billion
  • Founder of Microsoft Corporation he has been on the top of the list for 16 times out of last 21

They are the richest in the tech field in the world. Now please don’t look at your bank balance and cry.

 

Source….www.storypick.com  and  www.forbes.com

Natarajan

 

India”s Pride….Indians come home with 173 medals at Special Olympics….

Ishant Tudeja, a 13-year old boy with intellectual disabilities bagged a gold and silver medal in roller skating at the Special Olympics World Games. (Parveen Kumar/HT Photo)

The 275-member strong Indian contingent made the country proud by pocketing 173 medals at the Special Olympic World Summer Games 2015 in Los Angeles.

The athletes, who competed under the banner of Special Olympics Bharat, bagged 47 gold medals, 54 silver and 72 bronze pieces 14 disciplines during the nine-day event that ended August 2.

The country was most successful in athletics where Indians collected a total of 47 medals which included three gold medals in various categories of the 100-metre race. They also clinched the soft ball gold on debut.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the Indian contingent for its great outing in the American city.

“Achievements of Indian contingent at @LA2015 @SpecialOlympics are truly gladdening. They are India’s pride,” Modi wrote on his Twitter page.

“The @LA2015 @SpecialOlympics were a triumph of determination, hardwork & sportsman spirit. Congratulations to all athletes who participated,” he tweeted.

Mukta Narain Thind, Special Olympics Bharat’s national director (organisation development), said it was an improvement from last year.

“They shine every time, and they have shone this year too. We are pleased with the performance, the medal tally has improved. They have bagged 173 from 150 something last time around, so we are extremely proud of what they have achieved,” Mukta told IANS.

“Next is the winter Olympics in Austria in 2017 which will be our main focus. The athletes will start training from October this year,” she said.

India had won 156 medals – 56 gold, 48 silver and 52 bronze – in the last edition of the games held in Athens, Greece.


Facts about Special Olympics:

  • Special Olympics is the World’s largest multi-sport event which is held for athletes with disabilities
  • Special Olympics was founded in 1968 by Eunice Kennedy Shriver
  • In 1988, International Olympics Committee recognised Special Olympics
  • The 2015 Special Olympics event in Los Angeles had the largest gathering in the World after 1984
  • This year, the Games were held from July 25, 2015 to August 2, 2015
  • The 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games were officially opened by Michelle Obama. Stevie Wonder was also featured in the opening

Source….www.hindustantimes.com and http://www.indiatoday.intoday.in

Natarajan

Message for the Day…” Keep the Mind Free from Dirt and dust of Evil thoughts…”

Sathya Sai Baba

The greatest disease (or absence of ease) is the absence of Shanti; when the mind gets peace, the body also will have health. So everyone who craves for good health must pay attention to the emotions, feelings and motives that animate you. Just as you wash clothes regularly, you must wash the mind free from dust and dross again and again! Otherwise, if dirt accumulates and you form a ‘habit’, it is difficult to get rid of the ‘stains’, besides it is harmful for the clothes. So washing should be a daily process; you should see that no mud settles upon the mind! That is to say, you have to move about in such company that dirt is avoided. Falsehood, injustice, indiscipline, cruelty, hate – these form the dirt; Sathya, Dharma, Shanti, Prema (Truth, Righteousness, Peace, Love) – these are the cleansers. If you inhale the pure air of virtues, your mind will be free from evil viruses and you will be mentally sturdy and physically strong.