The Bridge at Q’eswachaka….Bridge Building at its Best…

 

Every year, local communities on either side of the Apurimac River Canyon use traditional Inka engineering techniques to rebuild the Q’eswachaka Bridge. The entire bridge is built in only three days. The bridge has been rebuilt in this same location continually since the time of the Inka.

This video was produced by Noonday Films for the National Museum of the American Indian exhibition, “The Great Inka Road: Engineering an Empire,” on view at the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., from June 26, 2015,

 

6 Weird Facts About Gravity…

Loren Shriver Credit..NASA

Gravity: You don’t know what you’ve got ’til it’s gone

Here on Earth, we take gravity so for granted that it took an apple falling from a tree to trigger Isaac Newton’s theory of gravitation. But gravity, which draws objects together in proportion to their mass, is about much more than fallen fruit. Read on for some of the strangest facts about this universal force.

girl doing headstand

It’s all in your head

Credit: © Paul Simcock | Dreamstime.com

Gravity may be pretty consistent on Earth, but our perception of it isn’t. According to research published in April 2011 in the journal PLoS ONE, people are better at judging how objects fall when they’re sitting upright versus lying on their sides.

The finding means that our perception of gravity may be less based on visual cues of gravity’s real direction and more rooted in the orientation of the body. The findings may lead to new strategies to help astronauts deal with microgravity in space.

 

Endeavour landing

Coming down to Earth is tough

Credit: NASA Kennedy Space Center

Speaking of astronauts, their experience has shown that a switch to weightlessness and back can be tough on the body. In the absence of gravity, muscles atrophy and bones likewise lose bone mass. According to NASA, astronauts can lose 1 percent of their bone mass per month in space.

When astronauts come back to Earth, their bodies and minds need time to recover. Blood pressure, which has equalized throughout the body in space, has to return to an Earthly pattern in which the heart must work hard to keep the brain nourished with blood. Occasionally, astronauts struggle with that adjustment. In 2006, astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper collapsed at a welcome-home ceremony the day after returning from a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station.

The mental readjustment can be just as tricky. In 1973, Skylab 2 astronaut Jack Lousma told Time magazine that he’d accidentally smashed a bottle of aftershave in his first days back from a month-long sojourn in space. He’d let go of the bottle in mid-air, forgetting that it would crash to the ground rather than just float there.

null

For weight loss, try Pluto

Credit: nullPluto may no longer be a planet, but it’s still a good bet for lightening up. A 150-pound (68 kilogram) person would weigh no more than 10 pounds (4.5 kg) on the dwarf planet. The planet with the most crushing gravity, on the other hand, is Jupiter, where the same person would weigh more than 354 pounds (160.5 kg).

The planet humans are most likely to visit, Mars, would also leave explorers feeling light-footed. Mars’ gravitational pull is only 38 percent that of Earth’s, meaning a 150-pound person would feel like they weigh about 57 pounds (26 kg).

 

Hudson Bay, Canada

Gravity is lumpy

Credit: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFCEven on Earth, gravity isn’t entirely even. Because the globe isn’t a perfect sphere, its mass is distributed unevenly. And uneven mass means slightly uneven gravity.

One mysterious gravitational anomaly is in the Hudson Bay of Canada (shown above). This area has lower gravity than other regions, and a 2007 study finds that now-melted glaciers are to blame.

The ice that once cloaked the area during the last ice age has long since melted, but the Earth hasn’t entirely snapped back from the burden. Since gravity over an area is proportional to the mass atop that region, and the glacier’s imprint pushed aside some of the Earth’s mass, gravity is a bit less strong in the ice sheet’s imprint. The slight deformation of the crust explains 25 percent to 45 percent of the unusually low gravity; the rest may be explained by a downward drag caused the motion of magma in Earth’s mantle (the layer just beneath the crust), researchers reported in the journal Science.

 

Colorized scanning electron micrograph depicting Escherichia coli bacteria, which recent research shows can breed in gravity 400,000 times stronger than that of Earth. Most E. coli strains are harmless, but the one here is O157:H7, which can cause severe

Without gravity, some bugs get tougher

Credit: CDC/Janice Haney Carr

Bad news for space cadets: Some bacteria become nastier in space. A 2007 study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that salmonella, the bacteria that commonlycauses food poisoning, becomes three times more virulent in microgravity. Something about the lack of gravity changed the activity of at least 167 salmonella genes and 73 of its proteins. Mice fed the gravity-free salmonella got sick faster after consuming less of the bacteria.

In other words, Michael Crichton’s “The Andromeda Strain” had it wrong: The danger of infection in space may not come from space bugs. It’s more likely our own bugs grown stronger would strike us.

 

Spinning black hole

Black holes at the center of galaxies

Credit: April Hobart, NASA, Chandra X-Ray ObservatoryNamed because nothing, not even light, can escape their gravitational clutches, black holes are some of the most destructive objects in the universe. At the center of our galaxy is a massive black hole with the mass of 3 million suns. Scarier thought? It might be “just resting,” according Kyoto University scientist Tatsuya Inui.

The black hole isn’t really a danger to us Earthlings — it’s both far away and it’s remarkably calm. But sometimes it does put on a show: Inui and colleagues reported in 2008 that the black hole sent out a flare of energy 300 years ago. Another study, released in 2007, found that several thousand years ago, a galactic hiccup sent a small amount of matter the size of Mercury falling into the black hole, leading to another outburst.

The black hole, named Sagittarius A*, is dim compared with other black holes.

“This faintness implies that stars and gas rarely get close enough to the black hole to be in any danger,” Frederick Baganoff, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who was involved with the 2007 study, told LiveScience’s sister site SPACE.com. “The huge appetite is there, but it’s not being satisfied.”

Source…www. livescience.com
Natarajan

 

 

8,000 YEARS OF SILVER: The precious metal’s journey from Anatolia to the modern stock exchange …

Along with gold, silver is one of the most sought-after metals.

Investors, industrialists, artists and others enjoy its many unique properties such as malleability, conductivity, strength and reflectivity.

It also has many beneficial applications in medicine, photography, decoration and technology.
People have been mining silver for thousands of years.
People have been mining silver for thousands of years.

The mining of silver began between 5,000 and 6,000 years ago in Anatolia, or what is now modern-day Turkey. As early as 700 B.C., early Mediterranean civilizations were using the brilliant white metal as currency. Over the next several centuries, the epicenter of silver mining shifted from Greece to Spain to Germany to Eastern Europe.
The Spanish conquest of the Americas changed silver forever.

The Spanish conquest of the Americas changed silver forever.

The Spanish conquest of the Americas in the 16th century dramatically transformed silver production. From 1500 to 1800, a mere three countries controlled an 85 percent share of the world’s silver market: Peru, Mexico and Bolivia.

Today’s top 10 silver producers span the world.

Today's top 10 silver producers span the world.

 

In 2013, the top 10 silver producers, in descending order based on output, were Mexico, Peru, China, Australia, Russia, Bolivia, Chile, Poland, the U.S. and Argentina. About 671 million troy ounces of the precious metal are mined annually. In recent years, the price of silver has fluctuated between $19 and $24 an ounce. That amounts to approximately $13 trillion generated a year.

 

Silver’s got unique properties.

Silver's got unique properties.

Silver’s melting point is 1,763°F whereas its boiling point is a blistering 4,013°, which is hotter than the inside of an active volcano.

 

Silver has a lot of industrial applications.

Silver has a lot of industrial applications.

Silver has many important, far-reaching technological and electronic applications. It’s used in everything from cell phones, computers and semiconductors to automobiles, water-purification systems and—because it is the best conductor of heat of all elements—spacecraft solar radiation tiles. Silver and aluminum, the world’s strongest alloy, is used in the construction of Apache helicopters and C-17 aircraft.

Silver is used in film.

Silver is used in film.

About 30% of silver consumption in the United States goes toward photography production, which requires silver nitrate.

Silver is great for wire.

Silver is great for wire.

Silver is the second-most malleable and ductile element following gold. Just an ounce of it can be stretched into 8,000 feet of wire.

 

Silver is used broadly in healthcare.

Silver is used broadly in healthcare.

The white metal also has powerful antibacterial properties, which have been known since at least the days of the ancient Phoenicians, who kept water and wine in silver vessels to ensure freshness. Today, silver is found in bandages as well as surgical instruments, stethoscopes, catheters and other health care tools. Unlike other antibiotics, silver prevents bacteria from developing resistance to it.
For investors, silver is a store of value.

For investors, silver is a store of value.

There are many ways to invest in silver, including bullion, coins, medallions, ETFs, mutual funds and accumulation plans.
Source….www.business insider.com

Natarajan

 

 

How to spot the International Space Station….?

Every so often, the International Space Station (ISS) becomes visible in your night sky. Here’s how you can spot it.

A composite photograph of the International Space Station from Earth. Image Credit: Dave Walker.
A composite photograph of the International Space Station taken from Earth. Image Credit: Dave Walker.
Is it a meteor? Is it a plane? It might be the International Space Station (ISS).Every so often, the ISS becomes visible in the night sky. To us on Earth, it looks like a bright star moving quickly above the horizon. The ISS is so bright, it can even been seen from the center of a city. Then, just as suddenly as it appeared, it disappears. How do you know when you can see the ISS in your night sky?

NASA’s Spot the Station program lets you sign up to receive alerts to let you know when the ISS will be visible from your location – anywhere in the world. You can get alerts via email or text message. Typically, alerts are sent out a few times each month when the station’s orbit is near your location. Visit the Spot the Station website here to sign up, and view a list of upcoming sighting opportunities.

ISS crossing the sky in a long-exposure photograph by Antonín Hušek?.

If you sign up for NASA’s new service, notices will be sent to you only when the ISS will be clearly visible from your location for at least a couple of minutes. If you live north of 51.6 degrees latitude (for example, in Alaska), you will likely have to visit the website to find sighting opportunities because notifications in this region would be rare.

The notices contain information on where to look for the ISS in the night sky. Just note where the sun sets and you can easily find the direction where the station will appear (for example, in the southwest or in the northwest). The height at which the station will appear is given in degrees. Just remember that 90 degrees is directly over your head. Any number less than 90 degrees will mean that the station will appear somewhere between the horizon and the 90 degree mark. The station is so bright that it is really hard to miss if you’re looking in the correct direction. Alternatively, you can stretch out your fist at arm’s length toward the horizon, which is equivalent to about 10 degrees. Then, just use the appropriate number of fist-lengths to find the location marker, e.g., four fist-lengths from the horizon would be equivalent to about 40 degrees.

NASA’s Spot the Station program is great. I’ve seen the station fly over twice now and it’s a pretty amazing experience—gets you thinking about how far our technology has advanced.

The first module of the ISS was launched into space in 1998 and the initial construction of the station took about two years to complete. Human occupation of the station began on November 2, 2000. Since that time, the ISS has been continuously occupied. The ISS serves as both an orbiting laboratory and a port for international spacecraft. The primary partnering countries involved in operating the ISS include the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and Russia.

The ISS orbits at approximately 220 miles above the Earth and it travels at an average speed of27,724 kilometers (17,227 miles) per hour. The ISS makes multiple orbits around the Earth every day.

Photograph of the International Space Station taken from the space shuttle Endeavour on May 30, 2011. Image Credit: NASA.

Photograph of the International Space Station taken from the space shuttle Endeavour on May 30, 2011. Image Credit: NASA.

Astronauts Robert Curbeam, Jr. and Christer Fuglesang working on the International Space Station. Image Credit: NASA.

Astronauts Robert Curbeam, Jr. and Christer Fuglesang working on the International Space Station. Image Credit: NASA.

Bottom line: Check out the ISS in the night sky the next time it flies over your location. You can sign up to receive alerts with NASA’s Spot the Station program or visit that website to view a list of viewing opportunities.

Source….

Deanna Conners

http://www.earthsky.org

Natarajan

World”s 10 Longest Non-Stop Flights….

The world’s 10 longest non-stop flights criss-cross the world, cutting down travel time and making journeys easier and comfortable.

: Emirates to fly the longest non-stop trip. Photograph, courtesy: Emirates

While the longest non-stop flight in the world will take over 17 hours, the longest domestic flight in India — from Kochi to New Delhi — takes three hours.

The top 10 non-stop flights cover a distance of 82,702 miles, connecting big cities across the world.

Take a look at the world’s 10 longest non-stop flights…

Emirates

Rank: 1

Route: Dubai to Panama City

Distance: 8,588 miles

Duration: 17 hours and 35 minutes

Image: Emirates’ flight from Dubai to Panama city, to launch in February 2016, will be the world’s longest non-stop flight. Photograph, courtesy: Emirates

One of the world’s biggest airlines, Emirates plans to launch services to Panama City from February 2016, making it the longest non-stop flight in the world.

The service to Panama City will start with a daily flight operated by a Boeing 777-200LR aircraft.

Currently, it operates four longest non-stop commercial flights.

Qantas ranks 2nd in the list. Photograph: Reuters

According to a report in The Daily Telegraph, these airlines operate the longest non stop flights… 

Qantas

Rank: 2

Route: Dallas to Sydney

Distance: 8,578 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 55 minutes

Qantas is Australia’s national airline and has the record of being the safest airline as well.

Founded in 1920, the third oldest airline in the world flies to 20 domestic destinations and 21 international destinations in 14 countries. Qantas also owns the low-cost airline, Jetstar.

Saudia flies from Jeddah to Los Angeles. Photograph: Reuters

Saudia

Rank: 3

Route: Jeddah to Los Angeles

Distance: 8,332 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 55 minutes

Founded in 1945, Saudi Arabia’s flagship airline flies to over 120 destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.

The airline is the third largest in the Middle East in terms of revenue, after Emirates and Qatar Airways

Delta’s longest flight takes 16 hours and 40 minutes. Photograph, courtesy: Delta

Delta Airlines

Rank: 4

Route: Johannesburg to Atlanta

Distance: 8,439 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 40 minutes

The oldest airline operating in the United States, started off as Huff Daland Dusters in 1924.

The airline and its subsidiaries operate over 5,400 flights daily across 334 destinations in 64 countries.

Emirates

Rank: 5

Route: Dubai to Los Angeles

Distance: 8,339 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 35 minutes

The largest airline in the Middle East, Emirates operates services to 147 destinations in 81 countries in Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, Africa, South Asia and Far East and Australasia.

Since its launch in 1985, Emirates Airline has received more than 500 international awards

Etihad is the second-largest airline in United Arab Emirates.
Photograph, courtesy: Etihad

Etihad

Rank: 6

Route: Abu Dhabi to Los Angeles

Distance: 8,390 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 25 minutes

Founded in 2003, Etihad is the second-largest airline in United Arab Emirates.

The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week to over 120 destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and the United States.

 

Emirates operates four of the longest non-stop commercial flights. Photograph, courtesy: Emirates

Emirates

Rank: 7

Route: Dubai to Houston

Distance: 8,168 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 20 minutes

Emirates is the seventh largest airline in the world in terms of revenue and the fourth-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried.

The airline has a record for being profitable for the last 27 consecutive years.

American Airlines is the world’s largest airline. Photograph, courtesy: American Airlines

American Airlines

Rank: 8

Route: Dallas to Hong Kong

Distance: 8,123 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 20 minutes

American Airlines, which started operations in 1934, is the world’s largest airline in terms of passengers flown, fleet size and revenue.

The airline established itself by merging 82 small airlines through acquisitions in 1930.

Etihad is ranked among the world’s best airlines. Photograph, courtesy: Etihad

Etihad 

Rank: 9

Route: Abu Dhabi to San Francisco

Distance: 8,158 miles

Duration: 16 hours and 15 minutes

Etihad Airways was ranked 9th among the world’s top 10 airlines by Skytrax in 2014.

Image: Cathay Pacific flies to 200 destinations. Photograph, courtesy: Cathay Pacific

Cathay Pacific

Rank: 10

Route: New York to Hong Kong

Distance: 8,072 miles

Duration: 16 hours

Cathay Pacific. founded in 1946, flies to 200 destinations in 52 countries across the world.

The airline has been ranked as ‘World’s Best Airline’ four times.

It subsidiary, Dragonair, operates to 44 destinations in the Asia-Pacific region from its base in Hong Kong.

Source….www.rediff.com

Natarajan

The Secrecy of the Film ” Psycho”….

hitchcock

When it was released in 1960, Psycho was one of the most controversial films of the day, thanks in part to the surprising (for the time) depictions of violence and sexuality it contained. In an effort to keep spoilers to a minimum and thus ensure audiences were as surprised as possible by the film’s more shocking twists and scenes, Hitchcock went to some rather extreme lengths to keep the film’s basic plot a secret.

For starters, one of the first things Hitchcock did after reading the original 1959 novel the film was based on-Psycho, by Robert Bloch- and deciding that he just had to adapt it to film, was charge his assistant with purchasing as many copies of the book as possible to keep it out of public hands. Exactly how many copies Hitchcock managed to get his hands on isn’t known, but it is generally thought that he came reasonably close to purchasing every copy on the shelves at the time. This must have been nice for Bloch, at least financially, who not only got a little over $9,000  (about $71,000 today) for the movie rights to the novel, but a nice payout for all the extra copies Hitchcock purchased.

Although Hitchcock was positively enamoured by the novel’s twists and shocking content (which was partly inspired by the killings of Ed Gein, who also inspired the Texas Chainsaw Massacre movies) Paramount Pictures weren’t. They particularly didn’t like the fact that Hitchcock’s contract with them only guaranteed he’d do one other film for them.  They did not want it to be Pyscho.

To try and dissuade Hitchcock from pursuing the film any further, executives more or less attempted to halt production at every turn, which only strengthened the director’s resolve. For example, the studio refused to give Hitchcock his usual budget, offering him just shy of a million dollars instead of the $3 million and change they’d given him for his previous film, North by Northwest.

Rather than scrap the project, as they hoped, a defiant Hitchcock decided instead to simply film the movie using a television crew mostly borrowed from his show, Alfred Hitchcock Presents and shoot the entire thing in black and white. Hitchcock also managed to secure the film’s main two actors, Janet Leigh and Anthony Perkins, for a fraction of their usual fees saving tens of thousands of dollars. He also, as a demonstration of his faith in the project, turned down his normal pay and instead very wisely opted for a percentage of the film’s ultimate returns, reportedly at a whopping 60%.

In a further attempt to get him to scrap the project in favour of something they deemed better to complete his contract with them, Paramount Pictures told Hitchcock their sound stages and other such needed equipment were completely booked, even though they weren’t. Again, Hitchcock was undeterred and moved production over to Universal Studios. Ultimately Paramount gave in and green-lighted the project, though at this stage not nearly as involved in it as they’d normally have been.

This proved to be a boon to Hitchcock as he was free from executive meddling. It also allowed him to film on what was essentially a closed set, helping to insure that no details of the plot leaked.

To further make sure of this, Hitchcock made every member of the cast and crew promise that they wouldn’t talk about the film, its plot, or twists- rumor has it by making each and every one of them say in front of him “I promise I shall not divulge the plot of Psycho”.

Even after the film was finished, Hitchcock barred both Leigh and Perkins from giving any interviews concerning it, instead choosing to promote the film almost entirely by himself.

To avoid giving away any potential details about the plot, Hitchcock promotional efforts focused wholly on alluding to the film’s shocking twists and content, without giving away any details.  For instance, he sent a guide to theatres instructing them what to do in the event someone had a heart attack while watching the film. This is something Hitchcock would later double down on at initial screenings by hiring “nurses” to stand around theatre lobbies.

Hitchcock also took out a number ads in the lead up to the film’s release that merely featured an image of himself pointing sternly at his watch with a statement that said nobody who turned up to the film late would be permitted to see that showing of it.

Other ads, and even a clip at the end of the film, featured an image of Hitchcock encouraging those who watched it not to spoil the film for others saying things like,”After you see Psycho, don’t give away the ending, it’s the only one we have.” and “If you can’t keep a secret, please stay away from people after you see Psycho.

The final means with which the plot could potentially be spoiled early was with movie critics. As such, Hitchcock didn’t allow critics to see an advanced copy, suggesting instead that they watch it on release day like everybody else. Annoyed critics generally responded by savaging the film and, as Hitchcock had suspected they would, giving away plot points he’d tried so hard to protect in their rushed, release day reviews. For example, in their 1960 review of the film, Variety mentioned that the film contained several “graphically-depicted knife murders”.  After the film was a smashing success with the public, many of the critics who’d initially called the film a schlock,  bravely changed their opinion and began referring to it as a masterpiece of cinema.

Paramount similarly forgot all about how they’d initially tried to can the film before production began and heroically tried to ride Hitchcock’s coattails after the film proved to be one of the most profitable they’d ever produced up to that point, grossing about $32 million (about $252 million today) in its initial run off the ultra-tight budget they’d given Hitchcock.

Source…..www.todayifoundout.com

Natarajan

சாப்பிடும்போது போன் எதற்கு?- கூகுளின் புது சி.இ.ஓ. சுந்தர் பிச்சை நேர்காணல்…

குள் நிறுவனத்தின் புதிய தலைமை நிர்வாக அதிகாரி, சென்னையைச் சேர்ந்த சுந்தர் பிச்சை. கூகுள் க்ரோம், கூகுள் டிரைவ், ஜி-மெயில் ஆப்ஸ், கூகுள் மேப்ஸ் ஆகியவற்றின் தயாரிப்பில் முக்கியப் பங்குவகித்த சுந்தர் பிச்சை கூகுளின் தலைமைப் பீடத்தில் உட்கார்ந்ததன் மூலம், ஒட்டுமொத்த இந்தியாவின் கவனத்தையும் ஈர்த்திருக்கிறார். “எப்போதுமே ஒரு தரப்பினருக்கு மட்டுமான தொழில்நுட்பத்தை உருவாக்குவதல்ல கூகுளின் வேலை. கடைக்கோடியில் வசிக்கும் கிராமத்துச் சிறுவனுக்கும் சரி, ஹார்வர்டு பேராசிரியருக்கும் சரி, ஒரே மாதிரிதான் கூகுள் தேடுபொறி வேலை செய்யும். இதைத்தான் கூகுள் தொடர்ந்து செய்ய வேண்டும் என்று நினைக்கிறேன். சமநிலையைச் சாத்தியப்படுத்தும் சக்தியாகவே கூகுளை நான் பார்க்கிறேன்” என்கிறார். ஒட்டுமொத்த உலகமும் ஸ்மார்ட் போன் சூழ் உலகமாக மாறிவரும் சூழலில் – சுந்தர் பிச்சையின் யுகத்தில் கூகுளின் வணிக இலக்குகளிலும் ஸ்மார்ட் போன்களுக்கு முக்கிய இடம் உண்டு – தொழில்நுட்பம், மனித வாழ்க்கை இரண்டுக்கும் இடையேயான எல்லைகள் எது என்பதைப் பற்றி மிகுந்த சுவாரஸ்யமாகப் பேசுகிறார் சுந்தர் பிச்சை.

நாம் ஸ்மார்ட் போன் சூழ் வாழ்க்கையை நோக்கி நகர்ந்துகொண்டிருக்கிறோமா, அதாவது மொபைல் போன்களின் மோகம் பெருகியுள்ளனவா?

எனக்கு அப்படித் தோன்றவில்லை. நிச்சயமாக மனிதர்கள் வாழ்க்கையில் போன்கள் முக்கிய இடம் பிடித்துள்ளன. அதனால், மக்கள் அதிக அளவில் பயனடைகிறார்கள். அதே போல இடைஞ்சலும் அதிகரித்துள்ளது. ஆனால், இது ஆரம்ப காலக்கட்டத்தின் பலவீனம்தான். மிஞ்சிமிஞ்சிப்போனால் கடந்த ஐந்து, ஆறு வருடங்களாகத்தானே மொபைல்போனைப் பயன்படுத்துகிறோம். சொல்லப்போனால், மக்கள் தினசரி ஆறு மணி நேரம்வரை தொலைக்காட்சி பார்க்கின்றனர். அந்த மோகம் போன்களின் பக்கம் திரும்பியுள்ளது, அவ்வளவே!

பயனாளரை மையப்படுத்திய சாதனங்கள் என நீங்கள் அடிக்கடி சொல்வதன் அர்த்தம் என்ன?

எதை உருவாக்கினாலும் அதன் இலக்கு பயனாளர் களின் சிக்கலுக்குத் தீர்வளித்து, வாழ்வை மேம்படுத்தி, மகிழ்ச்சி அளிக்க வேண்டும் என்பதே. இன்னும் சரியாகச் சொல்வதானால், கணவன் அல்லது மனைவியின் அழைப்பையும் பிறருடைய அழைப்பையும் வேறுபடுத்திக் காட்டும் அளவுக்குத் தொழில்நுட்பம் நுணுக்கமாக வடிவமைக்கப்பட வேண்டும் என முயற்சித்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறேன்.

போன் நமது வாழ்வை எளிமையாக்கியுள்ளது என்பதை மறுப்பதற்கில்லை. இருந்தாலும், இரவு உணவு சாப்பிடும்போதுகூட மின்னஞ்சலைப் பார்க்கும் பழக்கம்வந்துவிட்டதே… எந்நேரமும் போனில் மூழ்கிக்கிடப்பதை மாற்ற கூகுள் ஏதேனும் முயற்சித்துள்ளதா?

தொழில்நுட்பத்துக்குச் சிறிதும் தொடர்பற்ற கேள்வி இது. சாப்பிடும்போது எதற்காகக் குழந்தைகள் மொபைலைப் பயன்படுத்த வேண்டும், எனக்குப் புரியவில்லை. குழந்தைகள் வளர்ப்பில் உள்ள சிக்கல் இது.

நான் கேட்டது குழந்தைகளைப் பற்றி அல்ல… பெற்றோர்களைப் பற்றி?

பெற்றோர்களும் இரவு உணவின்போது தொலைக்காட்சி பார்க்கிறார்களே!

ஒரு சந்திப்பு நடைபெறும்போது எத்தனை நபர்கள் போன்களைத் துழாவுகிறார்கள் என்பதை வைத்துக் கூட்டம் நடத்துபவரின் முக்கியத்துவத்தைச் சொல்லிவிடலாம் என்பார்கள். கூகுள் நிறுவனத்தின் உயர் அதிகாரியான நீங்கள், கூட்டங்கள் நடத்தும்போது பங்கேற்பாளர்கள் போனைத் துழாவக் கண்டதுண்டா?

போன்கள் வரத்துக்கு முன்பு அமெரிக்கக் கார்ப்பரேட் நிறுவன ஊழியர்கள் கூட்டங்களின்போது லேப்டாப்பைத் துழாவுவது வழக்கம். அப்படி முக்கியக் கூட்டங்களுக்கு இடையில் லேப்டாப்பும் கையுமாக இருப்பவர்கள் பலரை நான் பார்த்திருக்கிறேன். இது பயன்படுத்தும் விதத்தைப் பொருத்ததே. நான் பகல் நேரங்களில் மின்னஞ்சல் அனுப்பவே மாட்டேன். நான் சதாவதானியும் அல்ல. கூட்டத்தில் சுறுசுறுப்பாகக் கலந்துகொள்ளும் அதே வேளையில், மின்னஞ்சலும் அனுப்பும் திறமை எனக்குக் கிடையாது. ஆனால், சிலர் இரண்டையும் சாதுரியமாகக் கையாள்கிறார்கள்.

இரண்டு வருடங்களுக்கு முன்பு நீங்கள் முதல் ஆண்ட்ராய்டு வாட்ச் அறிமுகப்படுத்தியபோது, ‘நீங்கள் இரவு உணவருந்தும்போதுகூட போனைப் பயன்படுத்தாமலேயே இந்த வாட்ச் மூலம் மின்னஞ்சல் பார்க்கலாம்’ என விளம்பரம் கொடுத்தீர்களே?

உங்களுக்குத் தேவைப்படும்போது தகவல்கள் கிடைக்கச் செய்வதுதான் என் நோக்கம்; இடைஞ்சல் தருவது அல்ல. உதாரணத்துக்கு, நீங்கள் வாகனம் ஓட்டும்போது போனைப் பயன்படுத்துவது அபாயகரமானது. அதற்காகத்தான் ஆண்ட்ராய்டு ஆட்டோ உருவாக்கினோம். இதன்மூலம் உங்கள் போனைத் தொடாமலேயே அழைப்புக்குப் பதிலளிக்கலாம். தேடும் தகவல்களைப் பெறலாம். இப்படி உங்களுக்குத் தேவையான பொருளைச் சரியான நேரத்தில் கொடுக்க நாங்கள் முயல்கிறோம். இன்றைய பயனாளர்களுக்குப் பல சுமைகள் உள்ளன. அந்தச் சுமைகளை நாங்கள் ஏற்றுக்கொள்கிறோம்.

எல்லாவற்றுக்கும் தொழில்நுட்பத்தை மக்கள் சார்ந்திருக்க வேண்டும் என்பது உங்கள் எண்ணமா? பித்துப்பிடித்தார்போல எந்நேரமும் மக்கள் மின்னஞ்சலைத் திறந்து பார்த்துக்கொண்டே இருக்கிறார்கள். விருப்பப்பட்டுப் பார்ப்பது வேறு, அலுவலக உயர் அதிகாரிகளிடமிருந்து தகவல் வந்திருக்குமோ எனப் பதற்றத்தோடு பார்க்கும் காலம் வந்துவிட்டதே?

ஜி-மெயில் வழங்கும் ‘ப்ரயாரிட்டி இன்பாக்ஸ்’ஆப்ஷனைக் கிளிக் செய்வதன் மூலம் முக்கிய மின்னஞ்சல்களை மட்டும் நீங்கள் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளலாமே! மோசமான பயன்பாடும் இருக்கத்தான் செய்கின்றன, மறுப்பதற் கில்லை. எதுவாக இருந்தாலும், மனிதர்களின் அறிவுத் திறன், விருப்பம், பயன்பாடு என அத்தனையும் மனதில்கொண்டுதான் தரத்தை மேம்படுத்த நாங்கள் தொடர்ந்து பயணித்துக்கொண்டிருக்கிறோம்.

கூகுள் காலண்டர் போன்ற அம்சங்கள் இருப்பதால் யாரும், எதையும் நினைவில்வைக்க முயற்சிப்பதில்லை. இப்படி எதையும் பொருட்படுத்தாத மக்களை உருவாக்க நினைக்கிறீர்களா?

எவ்வளவு சிறப்பான சாதனமாக இருந்தாலும், சில வரை யறைகள் வேண்டும். என் உடல் ஆரோக்கியத்தைப் பராமரிக்க ‘ஃபிட்னஸ் ஆப்ஸ்’ உதவ முடியாது. அதேநேரம், என் குழந்தையின் பிறந்த நாளை நான் மறக்க நேரிட்டால், என்னைப் பார்த்து அலற ஒரு போன் வேண்டும் என நான் நினைக்கிறேன்.

எதற்காக போனைக் கையில் எடுத்தோம் என்பதே தெரியாமல் போனைச் சட்டெனக் காதில் வைத்ததுண்டா?

பல முறை! தேவையே இன்றிப் பழக்கதோஷத்தில் போனை எடுப்பதுண்டு. காரணமே இல்லாமல் அதை வெறித்துப் பார்த்துக்கொண்டிருப்பதும் உண்டு.

வீட்டைச் சுற்றிச் சுற்றி நடந்தபடி போன் பேசக் கூடாது என நான்முடிவெடுத்துள்ளேன். இதுபோல போன் பயன்படுத்தாத நேரம் என நீங்கள் திட்டமிட்டது உண்டா?

கூகுள் ஐ / ஒ தொடங்குவதற்கு முந்தைய நாள் இரவு. தலைமை உரை நிகழ்த்துவதற்குச் சில மணி நேரங்களுக்கு முன்பு, எங்கள் குழுவினர் போன்களை எல்லாம் ஒரு கூடையில் போட்டுவிட்டு எல்லோரும் மகிழ்ச்சியாக இரவு உணவு சாப்பிட்டோம்.

பின்னணியில் கரைந்துபோகும் தொழில்நுட்பத்தைத் தயாரிக்கிறோம் என நீங்களும் கூகுள் துணை நிறுவனர் லாரி பேஜும் சொல்வதன் பொருள் என்ன?

தொழில்நுட்பத்தைப் பயனாளிகளிடம் கொண்டு சேர்ப்பதல்ல எங்கள் நோக்கம். அதை ஒரு அழகிய அனுபவமாக மாற்றுவதே! ‘க்ரோம்’ உருவாக்கியபோது கூடுமான வரை எந்தச் சிரமமும் இன்றிப் பயனாளிகள் லகுவாகத் தொழில்நுட்பத்தைப் பயன்படுத்தச் செயல்பட்டோம்.

நீங்கள் தேடும் தகவலைச் சரியாகக் கொண்டுவந்துசேர்க்க ‘கூகுள் சர்ச்’ மிகக்கடினமான தொழில்நுட்பத்தைப் பிரயோகிக் கிறது. ஆனால், உங்களுக்குத் தேவை தகவல் மட்டுமே. ஆகையால், கரடு முரடான தொழில்நுட்பம் பின்னணியில் மறைந்துபோகத்தான் விரும்புவீர்கள்.

ஆனால், சில நேரங்களில் அனுபவமே இல்லாமல் போகும் நிலை உண்டாகின்றனவே?

ஒரு நல்ல சாதனத்தை உருவாக்கும்போது இப்படி நிகழத்தான் செய்யும். ஏற்கெனவே சொன்ன மாதிரி, என் வாழ்வின் முக்கியத் தருணத்தை நான் இழக்க நேரிடும் போது என் போன் என்னைப் பார்த்து அலற வேண்டும் என நான் நினைப்பேன். ஒரு வேளை, நான் முக்கிய வேலையில் ஈடுபட்டிருக்கும்போது போனில் வேறு தகவல் வந்தால் புறக்கணிப்பேன், அவ்வளவுதான்! என்னைப் பொறுத்தவரை பயனாளர்களின் தேவையைச் சரியாகப் பூர்த்திசெய்ய வேண்டும். அது ஒரு தொடர் முயற்சி. அந்தப் பயணத்தில் நாங்கள் உருவாக்கிய தொழில்நுட்பம் வழிமறிக்காமல் கண் காணாமல் மறைந்துபோவதும் அவசியமாகிறது.

© ‘தி நியூயார்க் டைம்ஸ்’   கொனார் டவுகர்டி

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The quiet, nerdy schoolboy who went all the way….Read What SundarPichai’s Grandmother says about him ….

Sundar Pichai was inquisitive and eager to learn, says grandmother Ranganayaki

Kamikaze auto drivers on Chennai’s streets may make you fear for life and limb. But as a school-boy, auto rides to school did not faze the newly-anointed CEO of Google Sundar Pichai, who, a school-mate who shared the rides recalls, had his nose in his books all the way to school.

Quiet, nerdy and studious is how friends of Pichai remember him from his days at Jawahar Vidyalaya, a CBSE school in Ashok Nagar, Chennai. Pichai was so focused on studies and wanted to fare well in academics that most of his associates don’t remember him participating in sports or any other extra-curricular activities.

A classmate recalls, “Sundar was academically bright, though he wasn’t the first in class. He was always ranked third, behind two girls, who took the first two ranks. He wasn’t very participative and kept to himself.”

Cool guy

Another classmate, chary of having her name on record, recalls that he always had a smile on and never got upset over anything.

The school put all the brightest students and achievers in the 9th standard in section A, where Pichai too was placed. Though, of course, there was nothing to indicate that one day he would go on to head a major global corporation.

That he could be fiercely competitive was, however, evident as this classmate recalls: “When the mark-sheets were distributed in class, he would be the first one to rush to take them from the teacher and compare his marks with other toppers in the class.”

Pichai moved out of Jawahar Vidyalaya to join Vana Vani, a school inside the IIT-Madras campus to pursue his Plus Two under the Tamil Nadu State board syllabus.

Born in Madurai, Pichai grew up in Chennai, where his father worked for switchgear-maker English Electric Co Ltd. Pichai did not have very many friends but he was inquisitive and eager to learn, even at a young age, says Ranganayaki, Pichai’s grandmother, who is 92 years old and lives in the same modest house in a quiet lane in Ashok Nagar where Pichai grew up.

Street cricket

Ranganayaki, her memory still strong, recalls that Rajesh, as Pichai is called at home, hated wasting time and was diligent when it came to his studies.

“Both the brothers liked to play cricket in front of the house after school, though it was mostly just the two of them,” she says.

Another classmate, who is still in touch with him from his school days, says Pichai remains the same quiet person he always was.

“It’s difficult for us to imagine that he now heads Google,” she says.

(This article was published on August 11, 2015)
Source…..

    SWATHI MOORTHY and,
    Natarajan

Image of the Day…” Good Morning from ISS…”

Sunrise over the US west coast photographed from the International Space Station

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly (@StationCDRKelly), currently on a year-long mission on the International Space Station, took this photograph of a sunrise and posted it to social media on Aug. 10, 2015. Kelly wrote, “#GoodMorning to those in the western #USA. Looks like there’s a lot going on down there. #YearInSpace”

The space station and its crew orbit Earth from an altitude of 220 miles, traveling at a speed of approximately 17,500 miles per hour. Because the station completes each trip around the globe in about 92 minutes, the crew experiences 16 sunrises and sunsets each day.

Image Credit: NASA

Source….www.nasa.gov

Natarajan

Sundar Pichai and the world of Indian CEOs….

File picture taken on July 24, 2013 shows Sundar Pichai, Senior Vice President of Android, Chrome and Apps for Google, speaking at a media event at Dogpatch Studios in San Francisco, California

It is not every day that one of the world’s largest technology companies announces a new CEO.

So when Google announced that Sundar Pichai was taking the reins on Monday, his promotion gained thousands of column inches worldwide – not least of all in his native India. The Hindu newspaper called the news “a bonus for people of Indian-origin world over“. The Times of India hailed the “quiet yet thoughtful” man from Chennai (Madras). But his ascent is far from unique. In fact, it is becoming ever more common for major international companies to have an Indian-born CEO. One study, by the University of Southern New Hampshire, says that Indian managers are more successful because of “a paradoxical blend of genuine personal humility and intense professional will”. Whatever the model is, it seems to be working. Mr Pichai is the latest, and the most high-profile, Indian-born CEO. You can read more about him here – but here are five more Indian-born CEOs who are making waves.

Satya Nadella – Microsoft

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella addresses delegates during the launch of the Windows 10 operating system in Kenya Mr Nadella, 47, who was named the head of Microsoft in February last year, was one of the first to tweet his congratulations to Mr Pichai on Monday. On his first day in the job, the father-of-three sent an email to all staff, calling it “a very humbling day for me“. “I am… defined by my curiosity and thirst for learning,” he told staff. “I buy more books than I can finish. I sign up for more online courses than I can complete. “I fundamentally believe that if you are not learning new things, you stop doing great and useful things.” Born in Hyderabad, he joined the company in 1992 and was previously in charge of Microsoft’s Cloud OS service, which powers products such as Bing, Skype and Xbox Live. Microsoft’s man at the top

Ajay Banga – Mastercard

Mastercard CEO Ajay Banga speaks to reporters on the sidelines of the White House Summit on Cybersecurity and Consumer Protection at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, on February 13, 2015 After working for Nestle, then PepsiCo, Mr Banga – who is from Pune – took over as CEO of the credit card company in July 2010. He began his career with Nestle in 1981. In a speech in April to his alma mater, the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), he outlined what he called the “grand plan” he had at the start of his career. “Get with somebody good. Get with somebody global. Do something that interested me. That’s it. So, don’t stress if you haven’t got a detailed plan for your life. Anyone can have a good idea or plan; what makes it great is execution.” He also outlined six main lessons for good leadership:

  • a sense of urgency
  • a sense of balance
  • the courage to take thoughtful risks
  • be competitively paranoid
  • develop a global view
  • do well and do good

Indira Nooyi – PepsiCo

CEO of PepsiCo Indra Nooyi speaks at the official opening of a PepsiCo bottling plant not far from Moscow in Domodedovo on July 8, 2009 Named the third most powerful woman in business by Fortune magazine last year, Ms Nooyi was, like Sundar Pichai, born in Chennai. She was named CEO of PepsiCo in 2006, having joined the company in 1994. The company she presides over is a food and drinks giant: some of the brands owned by PepsiCo include Starbucks, Muller, Frito-Lay and Tropicana. The company says 22 of its brands are each worth more than $1bn (£640m). “In my case, I benefited because I grew up outside of the United States,” Ms Nooyi said in an interview in March. “I understand exactly how the world works, and I could see the world through the eyes of people from outside the United States.”

Ivan Menezes – Diageo

An undated image of Ivan Menezes, Chief Executive of Diageo plc.

Mr Menezes, from Pune, is another IIM graduate. He took over as head of the British drinks giant Diageo in July 2013. Like Ajay Banga, he began his career with Nestle in 1981. Among the brands the company owns are Guinness, Johnnie Walker whisky, Smirnoff vodka and Captain Morgan rum. One of his biggest moves as CEO was to buy a majority stake in India’s United Spirits company, though that deal has since provided Diageo with a number of headaches.

Shantanu Narayen – Adobe Systems

Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayen speaks during a keynote address by Samsung President and General Manager of Visual Display Business Boo-Keun Yoon at the 2011 International Consumer Electronics Show at the Las Vegas Hilton January 6, 2011 Mr Narayen, from Hyderabad, has run the software firm since December 2007. He began his career with Apple. “There’s an Indian community that’s vibrant and thriving,” he said of Silicon Valley in an interview in February. “We attribute a lot of that to the importance of education that we all grew up with.” In the interview, he said Hyderabad’s schools – modelled on the British public school system – helped his progression, as did having a foreigner’s appreciation of the opportunity the US had given him. Source…www.bbc.com Natarajan