” The Rise and Rise of Sundar Pichai….”

Pichai Sundararajan aka Sundar Pichai. Photo: Kamal Narang

Pichai Sundararajan aka Sundar Pichai. Photo: Kamal Narang   The Hindu

“Super excited about his progress and dedication to the company,” says Google co-founder Larry Page.

Google’s announcement on Monday that it would be subsumed within a new parent company called Alphabet had a bonus for people of Indian-origin world over: the company’s head of Products and Engineering, Chennai-born Pichai Sundararajan, was anointed the CEO of the new, “slimmed down” Google.

Underscoring his confidence in the man known as Sundar Pichai (43), Google boss Larry Page said of the restructuring in the company he co-founded with Sergey Brin, “A key part of this is Sundar Pichai.”

Mr. Pichai, who is a graduate of IIT Kharagpur and Stanford University, had “really stepped up since October of last year, when he took on product and engineering responsibility for our Internet businesses,” Mr. Page said in a blog post, adding that he and Mr. Brin were “super excited about his progress and dedication to the company.”

They may well have reason to feel fortunate that Mr. Pichai is the man to head their $66-billion revenue, $16-billion profit, company– by most accounts he combines a deep passion for engineering excellence with a rare managerial quality of attracting the best talent into the teams he works with.

Mr. Pichai started at Google in 2004, where he was known as a “low-key manager” who worked on the Google toolbar and then led the launch of the market-beating Chrome browser in 2008.

Following this his rise through the ranks of Google took on an increasingly meteoric tenor, and soon he became Vice President, then Senior Vice President, and ultimately was charged with supervising all Google apps including Gmail and Google Drive and finally given control of Android itself.

His promotion to Product Chief in October 2014 literally made him Mr. Page’s second-in-command with oversight of day-to-day operations for all of Google’s major products including maps, search, and advertising.

Some of Mr. Pichai’s colleagues describe him in the media as a skilled diplomat, including Caesar Sengupta, a Google Vice President who has worked with Mr. Pichai for eight years, and said to Bloomberg News, “I would challenge you to find anyone at Google who doesn’t like Sundar or who thinks Sundar is a jerk.”

Nowhere was Mr. Pichai’s easy blending of techno-diplomatic competence evident than in early 2014, when the fracas between Samsung and Google was reaching fever pitch, at the time over Samsung’s Magazine UX interface for its tablets, which Google felt may have been deliberately underselling Google services such as its Play apps store.

According to reports “Defusing the situation fell to Sundar Pichai, the tactful, tactical new chief of Google’s Android division. Pichai set up a series of meetings with J.K. Shin, CEO of Samsung Mobile Communications, [where] they held ‘frank conversations’ about the companies’ intertwined fates [and a] fragile peace was forged.”

Since then, Samsung has apparently agreed to scale back Magazine UX, and the two corporations have announced a broad patent cross-licensing arrangement to implement which they “now work together more closely on user experience than we ever have before,” according to Mr. Pichai.

Another apparent talent of Google’s new CEO – his thinking seems to be ahead of the curve. Although Mr. Pichai trained in metallurgy and materials science at IIT Kharagpur, and Stanford and did an MBA at Wharton, he was already deeply immersed in the world of electronics.

According to one of his college professors Mr. Pichai “was doing work in the field of electronics at a time when no separate course on electronics existed in our curriculum.”

The Google founders no doubt recognised that Mr. Pichai was a man on an evangelical-type mission for pushing the boundaries of technology.

Mr. Pichai most eloquently outlined this mission when he said, “For me, it matters that we drive technology as an equalising force, as an enabler for everyone around the world. Which is why I do want Google to see, push, and invest more in making sure computing is more accessible, connectivity is more accessible.”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi also congratulated Mr. Pichai on his appointment as Google CEO.

Source….Narayan Lakshman in http://www.the hindu.com

Natarajan

Lessons from Sundar Pichai’s rise: Meritocracy, not mediocrity, is way forward….

The elevation of Sundar Pichai to CEO of tech giant Google marks a triumph for four ideas we in India are uncomfortable with: giving meritocracy its due, allowing people to rise regardless of age, valuing diversity, and inviting talented immigrants to work for the country.

Stuck as we are to politically-driven social justice systems where quotas and reservations dominate the agendas of political parties and have become an end in themselves, we have paid inadequate attention to meritocracy. Any society that places such a low value on getting the right talent into the right job and giving him or her opportunities for growth will pay a huge price on several fronts – innovation being one of them.

Mediocrity, whether in government or in corporations or in academics, can provide only incremental gains for society. Multi-bagger gains come from promoting meritocracy.

It should thus come as no surprise that India has invented almost nothing since the humble “lota” of centuries ago, even while Indian techies dominate Silicon Valley’s startup culture, accounting for 15 percent of the total. Our belief in “jugaad” may be useful when resources are scarce, but “make-do” is a poor substitute for “make something new.”

Support for meritocracy, effective mentoring, and an ability to discriminate in favour of talent (as opposed to just seniority and age) is vital for innovation.

Consider Sundar Pichai (the name is actually a shortened version of his original name Sundararajan Pichai). He joined Google in 2004, and in 11 years he is holding the top job at age 43. It is difficult to visualise any Indian company giving this kind of opportunity to a talented foreigner. To be sure, we do have the occasional foreign talent heading Indian companies (the Tata group has some examples in this area), but the cases are few and far between as most Indian companies tend to be family-dominated or narrowly based in terms of their talent pool. And the talent we get from abroad is usually past its prime.

Sundar Pichai Reuters

Even Infosys, our home-grown tech pioneer in offshoring, fell into the trap of giving the founders first right of refusal to the CEO’s job till bad performance and a changing operating environment finally forced them to get new blood in the form of a Vishal Sikka last year.

A Satya Nadella would have been languishing at some middle-level position in an Indian tech company if he had sought to make his career here, but at 46 he made it to the top at Microsoft as CEO in early 2014, a successor to Steve Ballmer.

Sundar Pichai was also not made by accident. Before he became CEO, he worked closely with CEO Larry Page, and played major roles in creating the Google Toolbar, the browser Chrome, and in managing the growth of Android, the world’s largest mobile phone operating system. Page did not hand over his job to Pichai because he liked the guy. He watched Pichai’s progress from close quarters, and after handing him one assignment after another, decided that he was the man to take over his own job. Page wrote in his Google blog yesterday (10 August): “I have been spending quite a bit of time with Sundar, helping him and the company in any way I can, and I will of course continue to do that. Google itself is also making all sorts of new products, and I know Sundar will always be focused on innovation – continuing to stretch boundaries. I know he deeply cares that we can continue to make big strides on our core mission to organise the world’s information.”

Note the degree of supervision and support Page gave Pichai. He also wrote this about Pichai: “Sundar has been saying the things I would have said (and sometimes better!) for quite some time now, and I’ve been tremendously enjoying our work together. He has really stepped up since October of last year, when he took on product and engineering responsibility for our Internet businesses. Sergey (Brin) and I have been super excited about his progress and dedication to the company. And it is clear to us and our board that it is time for Sundar to be CEO of Google. I feel very fortunate to have someone as talented as he is to run the slightly slimmed down Google and this frees up time for me to continue to scale our aspirations.”

Now, why wouldn’t a Pichai kill for such a strong vote of confidence, support and faith from the bosses of Google?

Unfortunately, the Indian DNA is about losing talent. India produces tech talent by the thousand, but still loses them by the hundred (if not the thousand) to Ivy League schools or tech companies in Silicon Valley. This is because we are unwilling or unable to give our talent the kind of support and mentoring, not to speak of challenge and opportunity, they need.

The recent incident, where IIT Roorkee had to expel 72 students for failing to make the grade, is instructive. Most students who get into IITs are, by definition, hard and talented workers. They would have spent years in coaching classes and worked hard to crack the IIT-JEE exams. The question is: why then would 72 of them fail to make the grade?

Answer: we fail to give them the support they actually need – or not enough of it – after they get into the institution. As this Indian Express story points out, “90 percent of the IIT-Roorkee students who were expelled were from reserved categories (SC, ST and OBC) and scored average to high ranks in their respective categories in the 2014 IIT-JEE (Advanced). Once on campus, however, several factors pull them back, prominent among them a lack of fluency in English.”

Consider the sheer loss of talent we face if students have to be turfed out not for lack of engineering talent, but lack of proficiency in English.

The problem is not the quotas themselves, but the assumption that quotas by themselves are enough. In fact, excessive dependence on quotas to deliver social justice does damage by, first, marking such students out as somehow untalented, and then ensuring their failure by not giving them the support they need to cope with the rigours of an IIT academic session. We have conveniently forgotten that quotas have to be supplemented by effective mentoring and help by mentors. Without this, quotas will become self-defeating and divisive. (Some IITs do this effectively, but not all).

One can be sure that the same thing is happening in other areas of reservations and quotas, where the successes are vastly outnumbered by failures due to the lack of mentoring, including in our government.

Quotas are useful only if they succeed in reducing the need for quotas, not if they end up perpetuating and extending it by promoting mediocrity and a sense of victimhood among the beneficiaries.

We need to learn how to do things right from the elevation of Pichai, a first-generation immigrant to the US who rose to the top because their system favours meritocracy even while encouraging affirmative action and social diversity in institutions and corporations.

For now, though, we should see Pichai’s and Nadella’s rise as slaps in the face of our mediocrity-driven culture.

Source……R.Jagannathan ….www.firstpost.com

Natarajan

Here are 8 Things You should know about Sundar Pichai….New CEO of Google…

Sundar Pichai: Here are 8 things you should know about the new Google CEO

Sundar Pichai talking about Android at the conference. Reuters

We saw this coming, didn’t we? A major shake-up at Google last year had put Sundar Pichai at the fore-front and in-charge of all products, except YouTube that was headed by CEO Susan Wojcicki.

Over the years, India-born Sundar Pichai has slowly yet steadily become a fore-runner at Google. After a leap from heading Chrome to in-charge of the core Google products including  Google Research, Google+, Google Maps, search, ads and more, he is now set to become the Google CEO. Over the last one year, he has been on stage demonstrating most Google products including the Android Pay lately.

In a surprise move, Google announced on Monday the launch of Alphabet Inc as its parent company with co-founders Larry Page as its CEO and Sergey Brin as president. This has paved way for Pichai to become the next CEO of Google, which will be the new entity’s largest fully owned subsidiary, a trimmed version of what it is known now. The new structure, which will take shape over the next few months, was announced by Page in a blogpost and in a filing to the Security and Exchange Commission.

Google’s main business will include search, ads, maps, apps, YouTube and Android and all related technical infrastructure.

“Alphabet is mostly a collection of companies,” Page said in the post, adding: “Our model is to have a strong CEO who runs each business, with Sergey and me in service to them as needed.”

43-year old Pichai Sundararajan, popular as Sundar Pichai joined Google in 2004. We’ve encompassed this decade of his journey and rise to fame in our timeline below:

Education and background
Pichai was born in Chennai, India and completed his schooling from Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan. He later earned the Bachelors of Technology (BTech) degree from IIT- Kharagpur, and further went in for an MS from Stanford University. He also holds an MBA degree from University of Pennsylvania.

Before joining Google
Sundar Pichai has earlier worked for McKinsey & Company in management consulting. He has also worked in engineering and product management at Applied Materials.

Google and pre-Chrome era
Pichai joined Google in 2004  and is known to have worked on popular products like Toolbar, and also others like Google Gears and Google Pack, before Chrome was launched. However, it was the success of the Toolbar that helped Pichai pace through his career as Google noticed that it was significantly increasing the number of  user searches. This eventually made Google believe that it should have its own browser.

Rise of Chrome and Pichai
At Google, Pichai is popular for having led product management and innovation of Google’s client software products such as Google Chrome and Chrome OS. Pichai is believed to be the man responsible for driving Google’s Chrome OS and browser forward. In 2008, he was appointed as VP of product development and introduced Chrome browser. It was soon followed by Chrome OS in 2009. It was from 2008 that people started seeing more of Pichai at Google presentations and he soon became a known Google face. By 2012, he was the Senior VP of Chrome and apps.

Appointed as Android chief
Though Pichai had spent almost a decade at Google, it was only in 2013 that he became a well known figure worldwide after stepping into the shoes of Andy Rubin. Interestingly, Pichai joined Google in the same year that Rubin brought Android to Google via acquisition. Though Rubin helped develop Android to a great extent for almost a decade, Larry Page soon felt that Pichai would help give it a further push.

Ties with Samsung and Android One
Sundar Pichai is believed to be the man responsible for keeping smooth ties with partners like Samsung. He recently also launched the Android One initiative in India by teaming up with local manufacturers like Micromax, Spice and Karbonn.

CEO candidate at Microsoft
He was also rumoured to be one of the key candidates being considered for top position at Microsoft, which later went to India-born Satya Nadella.

 

Products head
Last year, Larry Page promoted Pichai to oversee core products including search, maps, Google+, commerce, advertising and infrastructure and more. This means, the heads of these departments will now report to Pichai. This puts Pichai at a very key position at Google, as the company’s main services such as search and advertising units help generate major chunk of the revenue.

 

Tags: , , , , , , , ,

Source…..www.rech.firstpost.com

Natarajan

Meet Alphabet, Google’s New Corporate Boss As Sundar Pichai Takes Over The Search Company…

Google just rocked the world with some light news on a Monday. It has restructured the company and everything will now report up to “Alphabet Inc.” a new corporate name. That includes Google, which will now be CEO’d by Sundar Pichai (one less Twitter CEO candidate).

Its site? https://abc.xyz/. Strangely enough, Google doesn’t own Alphabet.com (yet?).

BONUS: Click this period and the site links to hooli.xyz (a Silicon Valley reference)

The CEO of Alphabet will be Google CEO and co-founder Larry Page. His missive on Google’s blog (headlined G is for Google) explains what the new holding company is:

What is Alphabet? Alphabet is mostly a collection of companies. The largest of which, of course, is Google. This newer Google is a bit slimmed down, with the companies that are pretty far afield of our main Internet products contained in Alphabet instead.

Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, will serve as Alphabet’s president (which includes the X lab), and Eric Schmidt will be chairman. In fact, he digs the new name:

Page went on to say:

Our company is operating well today, but we think we can make it cleaner and more accountable. So we are creating a new company, called Alphabet. I am really excited to be running Alphabet as CEO with help from my capable partner, Sergey, as President.

I guess we don’t want to have a Google+ or Glass kerfluffle again, where a product drags the mothership through the mud. Page basically confirms this by saying:

…the whole point is that Alphabet companies should have independence and develop their own brands.

If they fail, they die. But they do less damage to the umbrella.

The stock will be changing over from Google to Alphabet, but still trading under GOOGL and GOOG (which were set up after its stock split). The company says this will allow them to focus on Google as a product even more than before, and at the same time, Google will also be able to regain its focus on its own products.

Google’s main business will include search, ads, maps, apps, YouTube and Android and the related technical infrastructure. Nest will report up to Alphabet.

It didn’t seem that Pichai, who heads up all of Google’s most important products, had a chance at becoming Google’s CEO (ahead of Page) anytime soon. Pretty creative way to work around that, I’d say.

It looks like the stock market is reacting favorably to the announcement. Google’s…er Alphabet’s stock is up over 6 percent after hours.

Source…. ,

Sundar Pichai …Now CEO of Google …

Sundar Pichai is Google CEO

Sundar Pichai is Google CEO

Google announces formation of new umbrella firm Alphabet

In a significant restructuring at Google, India-born Sundar Pichai has been named the new CEO of the technology giant as the company co-founder Larry Page today announced the formation of a new umbrella firm Alphabet, of which Google will be a part.

Page, in a blog post, announced the formation of the new parent company Alphabet, of which he will be the CEO and Google co-founder Sergey Brin will be its President.

Chennai-born Pichai, 43, has been named CEO of the new Google, which Page said will be a “a bit slimmed down.”

“Our company is operating well today, but we think we can make it cleaner and more accountable. So we are creating a new company, called Alphabet. I am really excited to be running Alphabet as CEO with help from my capable partner, Sergey, as President,” Page said.

He said Pichai will be a “key part” of the new structure that will “allow us to keep tremendous focus on the extraordinary opportunities we have inside Google.”

He has really stepped up since October of last year, when he took on product and engineering responsibility for our internet businesses. Sergey and I have been super excited about his progress and dedication to the company. And it is clear to us and our board that it is time for Sundar to be CEO of Google,” Page said.

“I feel very fortunate to have someone as talented as he is to run the slightly slimmed down Google and this frees up time for me to continue to scale our aspirations. I have been spending quite a bit of time with Sundar, helping him and the company in any way I can, and I will of course continue to do that,” Page added.

Source….www.thehindubsinessline.com

Natarajan

India’s ‘Anaconda’ parody rap against Hindustan Unilever….

Ms Ashraf says she never expected Nicki Minaj to acknowledge her song

Ms Ashraf says she never expected Nicki Minaj to acknowledge her song

Indian activist Sofia Ashraf’s “parody rap video” against consumer goods giant Hindustan Unilever has clocked nearly two million views since it was uploaded on YouTube last week. BBC Monitoring’s Vikas Pandey speaks to the activist about her decision to use singer Nicki Minaj’s hit song Anaconda in her video – and her use of rap as a form of protest.

Corporate giant Hindustan Unilever found itself pitted against an unlikely opponent last week: a YouTube video titled Kodaikanal Won’t, modelled on Nikki Minaj’s hit song Anaconda. The video called out the company for allegedly dumping toxic waste in the soil and the water in Kodaikanal, a city in southern India.

With two million video views and widespread coverage of the rap in both local and international media, the company has in response issued a statement saying that safety is its “number one priority” and that studies showed there had been “no adverse impact” on Kodaikanal’s environment, except in some of the factory premises.

‘Minaj shout out’

Ms Ashraf told the BBC that she decided to create a rap video over the issue because she believed that “social media had the power to add much-needed global voices to the campaign”. But she says she never dreamed that Minaj would actually respond – as she did on Twitter.

“I never expected that. I decided to use her song for [the] parody to ensure that it gets noticed,” she said.

The “shout out” by the pop star ensured media outlets and social media took notice of the song and brought the Kodaikanal issue back into the spotlight.

Activists allege that a thermometer factory belonging to Hindustan Unilever dumped mercury waste, polluting local water supplies and the soil.

Environmental group Greenpeace first reported the alleged violations in 2001. Unilever subsequently shut down its factory and ordered an investigation into the functioning of the unit.

Health workers who conducted a survey of 30 Unilever workers and ex-workers have also alleged that they found many people with “gum and skin allergy-related problems which appeared to be due to exposure to mercury”. Another significant finding, the survey reported, was the high rate of absenteeism and resignations from the job owing to health problems. The report was accepted by the Madras High Court, which has been hearing a petition against Hindustan Unilever by its former workers since 2006.

As the video grew in popularity, the company issued fresh statements over the incident.

A Unilever spokesperson said: “We would never allow our employees to suffer ill-health because of their employment with us and not address it.

“Several independent studies, carried out by experts on mercury-related health complaints, concluded that our former employees were not harmed by working in our factory in Kodaikanal.”

Hindustan Unilever did not dump mercury waste, but “glass scrap containing mercury residue” had been sold to a scrap dealer near the factory, the company said. This was “in breach of our company rules” and the company had removed “both the glass and the underlying soil” to address this.

Studies had showed “no adverse impact on the environment in Kodaikanal, except in some areas of the factory premises”, the statement added. “We are keen to continue work on clearing up the factory site.”

‘Burka rapper’

Kodaikanal Won’t did not happen in a vacuum. Ms Ashraf has composed rap songs for social causes in the past as well.

“Rap is often used as a form of protest. It just feels empowering to use rap for a cause and the success of the Kodaikanal Won’t song just proves that,” she said.

Her foray into rapping began in her early 20s, where she rapped about injustice against Muslims. She was nicknamed the “Burka Rapper” because of her attire and the subject of her performances.

“I was strongly religious. I loved my religion [Islam] and all it entailed. It was beautiful, it defined me and it gave me purpose”, she explained.

The 28-year-old does not wear the burka anymore and says she no longer feels connected to any specific religion. She now finds “purpose” in promoting social causes.

And instead of the burka, she has gone for a traditional South Indian look in her video.

“Some of the clothes I have worn in the video were my own choices but we thought that wearing Indian garments like sari will give the video a distinctive look,” she said.

‘Fight not over’

Ms Ashraf has stressed that the video was “not a solo effort”.

She told the BBC that the dancers, the photographers and activists invested time and energy in making the video free of charge “because they felt strongly for the cause”.

Ms Ashraf says her songs are a result of collaboration with different artists

Ms Ashraf says her songs are a result of collaboration with different artists

Ms Ashraf is thrilled with the success of her video, but stressed that the “fight” is far from over.

“We understand that the shelf life of such social media campaigns is not very long. So we will have to come up with ideas to sustain the momentum we have got from the video,” she said.

Source….www.bbc.com

Natarajan

Risk of future Nepal-India Earthquake increases….

Aftermath of Nepal earthquake

There is an increased risk of a future major earthquake in an area that straddles the west of Nepal and India, scientists warn.

New data has revealed that the devastating quake that hit Nepal in April did not release all of the stress that had built up underground, and has pushed some of it westwards.

The research is published in the journals Nature Geoscience and Science.

Its authors say more monitoring is now needed in this area.

Prof Jean-Philippe Avouac, from the University of Cambridge, told BBC News: “This is a place that needs attention, and if we had an earthquake today, it would be a disaster because of the density of population not just in western Nepal but also in northern India, in the Gangetic plain.”

The 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal earlier this year killed about 9,000 people, and left many thousands more injured and homeless.

It occurred in a geological collision zone, where the Indian tectonic plate pushes north into the Eurasian plate, moving the ground an average of 2cm a year.

Tectonic plate

Over decades, stress built up along a stretch of the fault line, which is called the Main Himalayan Thrust fault, close to Nepal’s capital Kathmandu.

The boundary between the two plates in this area had become locked – stuck together by friction, and so immobile – building up energy that only a major earthquake could release.

However, the quake on 25 April only released part of this pent-up pressure.

“If the earthquake had ruptured all the locked zone all the way to the front of the Himalayas, it would have been a much larger earthquake,” said Prof Avouac.

Instead, the researchers believe that some of this stress has shifted west, to an area stretching from the west of Pokhara in Nepal to the north of Delhi in India.

A major earthquake there is already long overdue: the last happened in 1505 and is estimated to have exceeded M8.5. The researchers say the new stress that has moved there could already be adding to the tension that has been building up over five centuries.

At the moment, we are quite worried about western Nepal,” said Prof Avouac.

Aftermath of Nepal earthquake

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Everest – but experts say the damage could have been worse

The team says extra monitoring by the research community is now needed, although it is impossible to predict accurately when the natural disaster might strike.

“We don’t want to scare people, but it is important they are aware that they are living in a place where there is a lot of energy available,” Prof Avouac explained.

“A lot of families are building their own houses in Nepal. With minimum care, it is possible to build small buildings that can withstand large earthquakes.”

Commenting on the research, Prof David Rothery from Open University said: “Monitoring techniques have now advanced to the stage where we can work out how a previously ‘locked’ fault has ‘unzipped’ during the couple of minutes that it takes a major earthquake to happen.

“Lives would be saved by drilling school children in western Nepal and the nearby plains of northern India in how to react in the event of an earthquake, and in ensuring that at least school buildings are adequately constructed to survive seismic shaking.”

Data from advanced GPS stations has also revealed that the death toll could have been far higher. These stations track tiny shifts in ground position, at a rate of five measurements every second.

Scientists say the seismic waves travelling underground were a lower frequency than expected, causing the ground to vibrate more gently.

Prof Avouac said: “When I heard about this M7.8 earthquake happening so close to Kathmandu, I was prepared for a death toll in the order of 300,000 or 400,000 people.

“But this earthquake didn’t generate a lot of high frequency waves, which would have been devastating for the small buildings in Kathmandu. They could withstand the earthquake because of the characteristics of the ‘pulse’ – and its relative smoothness.”

Follow Rebecca on Twitter

source…Rebecca Morelle  in http://www.bbc.com

Natarajan

Dhanushkodi….A Ghost Town Hopes to Come Alive…

50 years after a cyclone wiped it out, Dhanushkodi is slowly finding its feet. A tourist attraction precisely for its desolateness, road connectivity could soon transform it. Saisuresh Sivaswamy, who spent a few hours there, comes back enchanted. Photographs: Saisuresh Sivaswamy

As the doughty, packed to the gills Mahindra 4WD vehicle bounces along the tracks left by others of its ilk, along the undulating sand dunes leading up to the seaside, you strain your eyes to see the desolate yet mesmerising sights outside.

It is just sand dunes, as far as the eye can see, in various shapes and grey shades. But on the horizon is a sliver of silver that expands as you weave across towards it, into the glorious sea that is at times green as emerald and suddenly azure as a clear summer sky.

The sand and the sea. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

Just as the waters of Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal merge here in many hues, Dhanushkodi is where legend, faith and macabre recent history mingle to form a skein of emotions as you gaze across the severe, sere, landscape.

Legend has it that Ram crossed over to Lanka to rescue his wife Sita from Ravan’s clutches from here. This is where he built the Ram Setu, with floating rocks (one of them is under lock and key in a temple in the ghost town), to cross over to Thalaimannar, a few kilometres across the Palk Straits.

Legend further tells that on his successful return he destroyed the bridge with the tip of his arrow on the request of the new king of Lanka, Vibhishan, thus immortalising the town’s name (dhanush + kodi meaning end of a bow).

Political parties may squabble over the legend’s veracity but for the local folk this is all part of history, just as there are spots associated with Ram and his life in distant Ayodhya. On the way from Rameswaram to Dhanushkodi is the Kodhandaramar temple, where Vibhishan is said to have surrendered to Ram and anointed king of Lanka.

The association with Ram, and the proximity to Rameswaram, where the ancient warrior-king is said to have prayed to Lord Siva before embarking on his journey to Lanka, vest the town with divinity.

For most devotees who visit the eponymous Siva temple in the temple town, a visit to Dhanushkodi, around 25 kilometres away, is a must, a bath in the ocean not advised owing to the treacherous waters but still indulged in.

Lore has it too that a pilgrimage to Kasi/Varanasi/Benaras is incomplete without praying at Rameswaram.

The church destroyed in the cyclone 50 years ago. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

But growing up in Tamil Nadu in the 1970s-’80s it is not distant happenings or the power of faith that you remember the town for but a horrid December night from 50 years ago.

When a furious cyclone swept the then bustling town, people, buildings, everything into the all-devouring oceanic maws, the metres-high tidal waves even swallowing up a whole train with all 115 on board.

It was something that stays seared into your memory the way only a nightmare can.

What about the people on the train? What were their last thoughts as their carriages were yanked into the sea by forces beyond comprehension?

What of the townfolk, did anyone survive? What is the place like today?

What’s left of the railway tracks. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

Till the disaster, Dhanushkodi was like any other Indian town. It had a port for traffic to and from Sri Lanka; it had a railway station, a post office, hotels, the usual urban accoutrements you will find in any town of that vintage.

Pamban, the island in Ramnad district which houses Rameswaram and Dhanushkodi, was connected to Mannar in the mainland via a railway line. And regular trains would ply between Madras Egmore and the tip of the island, disgorging and collecting men and materials from the ships from Thalaimannar that would come calling at the port.

Today, all that is left of the town are skeletons of what was, and a splattering of hutments occupied by the fishermen families who continue to live there.

After the December 23-23, 1964, cyclone the town was declared ‘unfit for occupation’ and it doesn’t look like anything has changed on the ground.

The ‘tempos’ that ferry you to and fro Dhanushkodi. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

To get to Dhanushkodi you will have to drive down from Rameswaram, from where a clutch of ‘tempos’, as the ancient Mahindra 4WDs are called, ferry you till land’s end, the south-east corner of Pamban island.

Traffic is regulated, so even if you have a 4WD of your own you will need to register it at the checkpoint at Mukundarayar Chathiram where all tempos, waiting for passengers, are grouped.

Once upon a time there was no regulation and movement was easy. But once Sri Lanka’s Tamil ethnic problem began to intensify, this was where boatloads of Tamil refugees would alight, and as the militancy in the island-nation grew virulent the authorities moved in, clamping down on any illegal entry.

On a clear night, it is said, the lights of Thalaimannar can be seen.

***

The road from Rameswaram goes beyond the barricade at Mukundarayar Chathiram but no vehicles are allowed beyond this point. One can walk all the way on this road, which looks like a good half hour’s trek. There are stalls selling vaazhakkai bajji (coconut fritters), sugarcane juice and such. Fried fish is also sold here, but usually in the evenings, we are told.

This point is, for those who don’t wish to undertake the short but time-consuming drive in decrepit vehicles to land’s end, known poetically as Arichal Munai in Tamil (or, Erosion Point), the walk along the coast will do fine. But if you decide to go all the way, remember, some tempo drivers really pack it in, like ours did, and charge Rs 100 per head, otherwise the norm is Rs 150. They are also open to hiring out their vehicles for smaller groups but on fixed payment, say, around Rs 2000.

If your driver is a voluble man, like ours was, you will get a running commentary of the scenery on the way. ‘There, that was the track there that got blown away.’ ‘Here, you can see the tracks from that night.’ All this is in first person, like he was witness to that traumatic night from 50 years ago.

The mesmerising Arichal Munal or Erosion Point. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

The locale is perfect for film shootings, and as if on cue our man rattles off a list of directors who have shot here, starting from Mani Ratman in Kannathil Mutthamittal and including many others.

Arichal Munai is mesmerising and inviting. There are a few stalls here, selling the usual souvenirs (shells, and more shells, in all shapes and sizes), water, lime juice etc.

The right setting for a chilled beer given that the sun is glaring down at you, you tell yourself, but alas, no luck with the spirits. Although, judging from the odours emanating off a group, where there is a swill, there is a way.

After spending around 30 minutes at the waterfront – really, if you are not swimming, how long can you withstand the afternoon’s scorching sun even if the view is breath-taking?

The tempo trundles to the village some distance away. Which is when the reality of what happened that night 50 years ago hits you.

The church, its roof blown off, silhouette dominant, stands like a silent sentinel over the destroyed homes around, and there’s a small temple next door. A little further is what our driver-guide says was the railway station.

The water tank was next door, what is left of it are the columns, pointing an accusatory finger at the skies.

The water tank near the the railway station. Photograph: Saisuresh Sivaswamy/Rediff.com

There are a few hutments where fisher-folk live, there’s a local school with classes till the eighth standard. Kids try to sell shells to visiting tourists for Rs 10 a pop.

The tourist traffic is constant, through the year except during the rains, and amounts to a few thousands. The numbers are expected to go up exponentially once the sanctioned road from the Mukundarayar Chathiram till Arichal Munai becomes a reality, by next year.

There are earthmovers clearing the way for it, and there’s an air of expectancy among the locals that with connectivity their lives too will improve.

Hotels will come in, so will electricity and regular water supply, schools and hospital… And a ghost town will finally be laid to rest.

Dhanushkodi needs to snap out of it, 50 years is enough time to grieve.

But for now, everyone is grim-faced on gazing at the remainders of what nature’s fury can do, and the return journey is sombre.

Saisuresh Sivaswamy / Rediff.com

Source…..www.rediff.com

Natarajan

 

Message for the Day…” Be Thankful to God for the Chance given to You to Serve Others…”

Sathya Sai Baba

Every village and town today is sick with animosities and petty quarrels. Even though many attempts have been made during the past years to better the lot of the common people, results have been far below expectations and expense. This is because of the absence of three requisites essential for all advancement: Dhairyam, Utsaham and Aanandam(courage, enthusiasm and joy). Nature has sufficient beauty to instill awe and wonder, to impart courage, to inspire enthusiasm and fill you with joy! It is a type of falsevairagyam (non-attachment) to close one’s eye to all the beauty, plenty, mercy that you receive from Mother Nature, and to run around in sorrow, bewailing your lot. Be thankful to the Lord for the chance given to you to serve others and yourselves, to witness His Glory and Grace, and look upon all as brothers and sisters.The virtues of the people are the treasures of the State; the remembrance of the name of the Lord is the root of all virtues.

 

For this IIT grad, even a newspaper was a luxury….

Super 30 is a free coaching centre in Bihar that selects 30 meritorious, economically-backward students every year and prepares them for the prestigious Indian Institutes of Technology.

Founded in 2002 by Anand Kumar, Super 30 has managed to send about 300 students from extremely impoverished backgrounds to the coveted IITs in the last 12 years.

But what happens to these youngsters after they complete their graduation?

In the first of a series, Divya Nair/Rediff.com talks to Shubham Kumar Gautam (pictured below), son of a farmer and a Super 30 student, who feels that if you have the passion and determination to pursue what you want, the sky is the limit.

Shubham Kumar Gautam

Who would have thought that a son of a farmer who grew up without reading a newspaper would study at an Indian Institute of Technology one day and set an inspiring example to several hundred youngsters in his little known hamlet?

Twenty-two-year-old Shubham Kumar Gautam says had it not been for mentors like Anand Kumar of Super 30, he wouldn’t have been able to give his family a better life today.

Here, the young engineer recounts how, in a journey laced with perseverance, grit and determination, he achieved what seemed impossible.

‘I grew up without reading a newspaper’

Shubham Kumar was born and bought up in Kulti, a small village in Nalanda, Bihar.

His father worked as a supervisor with Anaupcharik Shiksha Karmachari Sangha (Bihar State Non-Formal Education Employees Association). His mother is a homemaker.

As part of Govt. reforms, the Anaupcharik Sangha programme was called off and many people, including Shubham’s father, lost their jobs.

“My grandfather had taken a huge loan for my aunt’s (my father’s sister) wedding; he had to sell our ancestral property and the responsibility of paying off the debt fell on my father,” says Shubham, who has a younger sibling.

They were left with a small piece of land and, since his father wasn’t able to find a job, he decided to take up farming.

“Most of the households in our village are poor and resources are limited. We grew up without reading a newspaper, so you can imagine…” his voice trails off.

Fortunately, Shubham, then aged 13, was a good student, a fact that encouraged his uncle Uday Singh to take him under his wings.

His uncle, also a farmer, promised to take care of Shubham’s education and living costs and, in 2005, enrolled him at the Sri Sankar Government High School in his village, Pillich, on the condition that Shubham would continue to excel in his studies.

“Situated 20 kilometres from Kulti, it was a relatively better village and the school was just two kilometres away from my uncle’s place. I would mostly walk to school but if I was late, I would take a lift in a bail gaadi (bullock cart) or cycle,” he recalls.

The school had four classrooms, of which only two were functional. Most kids would bunk school. Even the teachers took little interest. But I really wanted to continue studying, so I formed a group of like-minded students who were keen on completing their education and willing to work hard for it,” says Shubham, about the school from where he completed his Class X.

‘I had no clue about engineering or the IITs’

Shubham Kumar Gautam in his first year

Shubham’s elders and neighbours would often advise him to prepare for the UPSC and bank exams like the other bright students in the village who managed to complete their graduation.

But Shubham wasn’t keen on these options.

“During my Class X, I would visit a store in Pillich to buy second hand books for revision. There, I found books on technology and computers and became interested. Slowly, I started to seek more information about the courses available.”

In Pillich, Shubham also had access to a newspaper where he had read about “Anand Sir and Super 30 and his special programme in Patna”.

“Until then I had no clue about engineering or the IITs,” he confesses.

The more he read about Super 30, he says, the more he was convinced engineering could be the “doorway” to his future.

But he had his fears. “If I did not qualify for the Super 30, I would have to spend extra for private coaching and accommodation, which we could not afford.”

He would worry about the cost of staying in Patna and wonder whether his father could afford it. “But I was clear that I wanted to do something different. I wanted to pursue a career that would bring dignity to my family and make my parents proud,” he says.

In July 2007, after completing his Class X, Shubham’s uncle took him to Patna and enrolled him at the Nalanda College, Biharsharif.

“When I first came to Patna in 2007, I stayed in a lodge and the bed charges were Rs 400 per day, which I shared with another student. I could not sleep that night; I kept thinking how long I could survive in this city.”

His first step was to move to another lodge, where he paid Rs 450 a month to share a room with two other boys.

It took him two months to trace the Ramanujam School of Mathematics, the coaching centre run by Anand Kumar, but getting admission wasn’t easy.

“I was new to Patna and very few people knew the exact address. After a lot of difficulty, I reached the place only to realise that about 1,000 students apply at the Ramanujam School of Mathematics every year. But Anand Sir doesn’t take more than a few hundred students.

“He carefully scrutinises the profile and academic performance of all the applicants and prefers to enrol those with weaker economic backgrounds. Those who are financially well off, he says, can always enrol in a better coaching centre.

“I was told that I could enrol for the Foundation course which would teach me the basics in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. I had to write an entrance test to qualify for the Foundation course too.”

Shubham cleared the entrance test and, in August 2007, joined the two-year programme (even as he continued with his Class XI and XII) to study Mathematics and Physics, the fees for which were waived by Anand Kumar.

I was good at Chemistry, so I did not take any coaching for it,” Shubham says.

After his Class XII board examination, he appeared for the JEE — the IIT entrance exam — in 2009 but failed to qualify by five marks.

“The cut off for the IITs was 178 and I had scored 173. I could have taken admission in lesser known engineering colleges, but my aim was to get into one of the IITs” he says.

Post the results, Shubham had already lost a year, but he wasn’t willing to give up.

He worked harder and appeared for the Super 30 entrance test.

“I didn’t want to go back home empty-handed. I somehow convinced my parents and uncle to give me one more year to prepare and promised that I would pay off all their debts as soon as I completed my engineering.”

‘Joining Super 30 changed my life’

Shubham Kumar, right, with Anand Kumar

In July 2009, Shubham topped the Super 30 entrance exam.

Qualifying for the 10-month programme ensured that his living and tuition costs would be taken care of, which he says was both a “huge relief” and a “life changing moment” for him and his family.

More than the academic mentoring, it was the positive atmosphere and the presence of Anand Kumar that mattered to students like Shubham.

“Anand Sir ensured that we focussed on the exam instead of worrying about our families and finances.”

Shubham cleared the JEE in 2010 and joined IIT-Bhu (Banaras Hindu University) in Varanasi where he pursued electronics engineering.

First encounter@IIT

Back home, Shubham’s parents had mixed reactions about sending him to a new city for four years.

“Although my parents were happy, my mother began to cry thinking that I would be living so far away from them. She packed me a lot of ready-to-eat food just like they do in the movies,” he smiles.

His greatest challenge, he says, was to not give in to peer pressure and hold his dignity.

There were lessons to be learnt and not necessarily at the IIT. It began on his first day at campus.

“My father had come to drop me to the college hostel. It was a few kilometres away and he decided we would walk instead of spending money on a rickshaw. We were walking with my heavy luggage and, as we reached the gate of the college, it started raining heavily.

They took shelter nearby and some other students from the IIT joined them. Because of the wind, mangoes fell from a nearby tree and Shubham’s father immediately nudged him to go and pick some.

“For us, it was nothing new. Even I felt like picking up those mangoes and eating them. But I saw some of the students smiling and looking at us. I did not know how to react and gave up on the idea.”

As soon as they entered the hostel, one of the boys asked Shubham’s father to collect his luggage.

“My father immediately followed his orders and got the luggage inside. I was very angry and scolded my father. I then introduced him to the boy — who later turned out to be a batchmate and a good friend — and he immediately apologised. That was just the beginning of struggles I faced.”

New batchmates and new life

It took Shubham, who came from a small town and had been educated in the Hindi medium, a while to get used to life in the city and to his new batchmates.

“Some of the kids who came from good financial backgrounds would hesitate to start a conversation,” he says.

There were others who had heard about his success at Super 30 and appreciated his hard work.

“I made some good friends,” he smiles.

Expenses mount

“After the results were announced, Anand Sir would take us students to various events where we were felicitated. He would appeal to the audience to donate whatever they could and distribute the money among us for our further education.

“Even chief minister Nitish Kumarji promised Super 30 students a scholarship of Rs 50,000 each. We never got the full amount. We got about Rs 15,000, all of which took care of our first semester fees,” he recalls.

In 2010, Shubham’s father was reinstated as a clerk on a temporary basis in the Jan Kalyan scheme.

Their financial condition improved and Shubham could focus on his studies without worrying excessively his tuition costs.

Help started pouring from other quarters too.

“After seeing my success, my uncles and aunts also helped me financially without expecting anything in return,” he says.

And life takes a U-Turn

At IIT-Bhu, Shubham learnt about taking initiative, team management and improving his networking skills.

I would participate in and also be part of various event organising committees, which helped me improve my communication skills,” Shubham says.

“In those four years, I never went to a movie theatre; in fact, I haven’t been to one till date.”

He would spend his time networking with seniors and juniors and writing poems and short stories in Urdu and Hindi.

After completing his engineering, Shubham was placed as a senior technical manager at HCL Technologies, Noida.

“Today, I have an Android phone and I write programmes for Android,” he says proudly.

“When people ask me, if my dreams have come true, I tell them that, so far, only my necessities have been met. For people like us, who come from poor backgrounds, education is a necessity — the window that enables us to dream.”

A lesson in humility

“There was a time,” says Shubham, “when I was so overcome by my own success that I had begun to bask in my self worth. I believed I was the best in the batch.”

Anand Kumar shattered Shubham’s myth. “He reminded me that everyone was equal and it is important to stay grounded. He taught me not to judge a person by his financial background but by his/her character and values.”

He was, he says, fortunate to have a mentor like Kumar who trained them to prioritise and focus on improving their academic performance day after day.

Shubham tries to visit Kumar every year. He interacts with the Super 30 students, “I share my experiences with them. I hope it inspires them to study hard and work towards a better future.”

SHUBHAM’S LIFE LESSONS

  • Find a passion that you believe in.
  • Never let your constraints come in the way of fulfilling your passion.
  • Prioritise your goals and remind yourself each day that, come what may, you have to get up and chase them.

Photographs: Courtesy Shubham Kumar Gautam

Divya Nair / Rediff.com….Source…www.rediff.com

Natarajan